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Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway
The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods w...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34614010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256989 |
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author | Breslin, Paul A. S. Izumi, Akiko Tharp, Anilet Ohkuri, Tadahiro Yokoo, Yoshiaki Flammer, Linda J. Rawson, Nancy E. Margolskee, Robert F. |
author_facet | Breslin, Paul A. S. Izumi, Akiko Tharp, Anilet Ohkuri, Tadahiro Yokoo, Yoshiaki Flammer, Linda J. Rawson, Nancy E. Margolskee, Robert F. |
author_sort | Breslin, Paul A. S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods when combined with fructose. In light of recent rodent data on the role of oral metabolic glucose signaling, we examined psychopharmacologically whether oral glucose detection may also involve an additional pathway in humans to the traditional sweet taste transduction via the class 1 taste receptors T1R2/T1R3. In a series of experiments, we first compared oral glucose detection thresholds to sucralose thresholds without and with addition of the T1R receptor inhibitor Na-lactisole. Next, we compared oral detection thresholds of glucose to sucralose and to the non-metabolizable glucose analog, α-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG) without and with the addition of the glucose co-transport component sodium (NaCl). Finally, we compared oral detection thresholds for glucose, MDG, fructose, and sucralose without and with the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. In each experiment, psychopharmacological data were consistent with glucose engaging an additional signaling pathway to the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 pathway. Na-lactisole addition impaired detection of the non-caloric sweetener sucralose much more than it did glucose, consistent with glucose using an additional signaling pathway. The addition of NaCl had a beneficial impact on the detection of glucose and its analog MDG and impaired sucralose detection, consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. The addition of the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin impaired detection of glucose and MDG more than it did sucralose, and had no effect on fructose, further evidence consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. Together, these results support the idea that oral detection of glucose engages two signaling pathways: one that is comprised of the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor and the other that utilizes an SGLT glucose transporter. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8494309 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84943092021-10-07 Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway Breslin, Paul A. S. Izumi, Akiko Tharp, Anilet Ohkuri, Tadahiro Yokoo, Yoshiaki Flammer, Linda J. Rawson, Nancy E. Margolskee, Robert F. PLoS One Research Article The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods when combined with fructose. In light of recent rodent data on the role of oral metabolic glucose signaling, we examined psychopharmacologically whether oral glucose detection may also involve an additional pathway in humans to the traditional sweet taste transduction via the class 1 taste receptors T1R2/T1R3. In a series of experiments, we first compared oral glucose detection thresholds to sucralose thresholds without and with addition of the T1R receptor inhibitor Na-lactisole. Next, we compared oral detection thresholds of glucose to sucralose and to the non-metabolizable glucose analog, α-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG) without and with the addition of the glucose co-transport component sodium (NaCl). Finally, we compared oral detection thresholds for glucose, MDG, fructose, and sucralose without and with the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. In each experiment, psychopharmacological data were consistent with glucose engaging an additional signaling pathway to the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 pathway. Na-lactisole addition impaired detection of the non-caloric sweetener sucralose much more than it did glucose, consistent with glucose using an additional signaling pathway. The addition of NaCl had a beneficial impact on the detection of glucose and its analog MDG and impaired sucralose detection, consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. The addition of the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin impaired detection of glucose and MDG more than it did sucralose, and had no effect on fructose, further evidence consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. Together, these results support the idea that oral detection of glucose engages two signaling pathways: one that is comprised of the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor and the other that utilizes an SGLT glucose transporter. Public Library of Science 2021-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8494309/ /pubmed/34614010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256989 Text en © 2021 Breslin et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Breslin, Paul A. S. Izumi, Akiko Tharp, Anilet Ohkuri, Tadahiro Yokoo, Yoshiaki Flammer, Linda J. Rawson, Nancy E. Margolskee, Robert F. Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
title | Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
title_full | Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
title_fullStr | Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
title_full_unstemmed | Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
title_short | Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
title_sort | evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34614010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256989 |
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