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Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Goats have been used as animal models in research and are increasingly kept as pets like dogs and cats. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in companion animals. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proven to produce analgesia, therefore, the objective of this study...

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Autores principales: Liu, Lingling, Abouelfetouh, Mahmoud M., Salah, Eman, Sun, Rui, Nan, Sha, Ding, Mingxing, Ding, Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8532749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102989
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author Liu, Lingling
Abouelfetouh, Mahmoud M.
Salah, Eman
Sun, Rui
Nan, Sha
Ding, Mingxing
Ding, Yi
author_facet Liu, Lingling
Abouelfetouh, Mahmoud M.
Salah, Eman
Sun, Rui
Nan, Sha
Ding, Mingxing
Ding, Yi
author_sort Liu, Lingling
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Goats have been used as animal models in research and are increasingly kept as pets like dogs and cats. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in companion animals. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proven to produce analgesia, therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of EA on alfaxalone-based TIVA in goats. In this current study, the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone was determined in a combination with EA. The findings found that EA reduces the alfaxalone MIR required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to standardized noxious. In conclusion, EA provided analgesia, reduced the MIR of alfaxalone-based IV anesthesia, and thereby alleviated the adverse cardiorespiratory effects associated with alfaxalone anesthesia in goats. ABSTRACT: Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in companion animals. The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on alfaxalone-based TIVA has not been previously reported in goats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to standardized noxious stimulation during its combination with EA in goats. Twelve clinically healthy goats weighing 18.5 ± 2 kg were randomly assigned to two groups (six goats/group). Alfaxalone alone (ALF group) and alfaxalone combined with EA (EA-ALF group). In the EA-ALF, alfaxalone was administered 30 min after EA stimulation. For induction of anesthesia, a bolus of alfaxalone was given at 3 mg/kg IV, and an infusion dose of 9.6 mg/kg/h was initially set for maintenance. The MIR of alfaxalone in both groups was determined by testing for responses to stimulation (clamping on a digit with Vulsellum forceps) at 10-min intervals after induction of anesthesia till the entire period of the experiment. Cardiopulmonary parameters and nociceptive threshold were measured throughout anesthesia. The median alfaxalone MIR was significantly lower in the EA-ALF group than the ALF group [9 (4.8–9.6) and 12 (11.4–18)], respectively; p = 0.0035). In the ALF group, goats anesthetized with MIR showed a significant increase in heart rate and cardiac output (p < 0.0001 and 0.0312, respectively), and decrease in respiratory rate (p < 0.0001), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (p = 0.0081), and rectal temperature (p = 0.0046) compared with those in the EA-ALF. Additionally, goats in the EA-ALF showed a higher nociceptive threshold than those in the ALF group (p < 0.0001). EA provided analgesia, reduced the MIR of alfaxalone-based IV anesthesia and thereby alleviated the adverse cardiorespiratory effects associated with alfaxalone anesthesia in goats.
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spelling pubmed-85327492021-10-23 Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats Liu, Lingling Abouelfetouh, Mahmoud M. Salah, Eman Sun, Rui Nan, Sha Ding, Mingxing Ding, Yi Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Goats have been used as animal models in research and are increasingly kept as pets like dogs and cats. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in companion animals. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proven to produce analgesia, therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of EA on alfaxalone-based TIVA in goats. In this current study, the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone was determined in a combination with EA. The findings found that EA reduces the alfaxalone MIR required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to standardized noxious. In conclusion, EA provided analgesia, reduced the MIR of alfaxalone-based IV anesthesia, and thereby alleviated the adverse cardiorespiratory effects associated with alfaxalone anesthesia in goats. ABSTRACT: Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in companion animals. The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on alfaxalone-based TIVA has not been previously reported in goats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to standardized noxious stimulation during its combination with EA in goats. Twelve clinically healthy goats weighing 18.5 ± 2 kg were randomly assigned to two groups (six goats/group). Alfaxalone alone (ALF group) and alfaxalone combined with EA (EA-ALF group). In the EA-ALF, alfaxalone was administered 30 min after EA stimulation. For induction of anesthesia, a bolus of alfaxalone was given at 3 mg/kg IV, and an infusion dose of 9.6 mg/kg/h was initially set for maintenance. The MIR of alfaxalone in both groups was determined by testing for responses to stimulation (clamping on a digit with Vulsellum forceps) at 10-min intervals after induction of anesthesia till the entire period of the experiment. Cardiopulmonary parameters and nociceptive threshold were measured throughout anesthesia. The median alfaxalone MIR was significantly lower in the EA-ALF group than the ALF group [9 (4.8–9.6) and 12 (11.4–18)], respectively; p = 0.0035). In the ALF group, goats anesthetized with MIR showed a significant increase in heart rate and cardiac output (p < 0.0001 and 0.0312, respectively), and decrease in respiratory rate (p < 0.0001), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (p = 0.0081), and rectal temperature (p = 0.0046) compared with those in the EA-ALF. Additionally, goats in the EA-ALF showed a higher nociceptive threshold than those in the ALF group (p < 0.0001). EA provided analgesia, reduced the MIR of alfaxalone-based IV anesthesia and thereby alleviated the adverse cardiorespiratory effects associated with alfaxalone anesthesia in goats. MDPI 2021-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8532749/ /pubmed/34680008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102989 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Lingling
Abouelfetouh, Mahmoud M.
Salah, Eman
Sun, Rui
Nan, Sha
Ding, Mingxing
Ding, Yi
Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats
title Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats
title_full Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats
title_fullStr Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats
title_full_unstemmed Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats
title_short Determination of the Minimum Infusion Rate of Alfaxalone Combined with Electroacupuncture in Goats
title_sort determination of the minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone combined with electroacupuncture in goats
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8532749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102989
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