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Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D
Food supplements (FS) are a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, or other ingredients with nutritional or other physiological effects. Due to their easy availability, widespread advertising, and sometimes low price, increased consumption of this group of preparations has been observed. Therefo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538476/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103361 |
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author | Puścion-Jakubik, Anna Bielecka, Joanna Grabia, Monika Mielech, Anita Markiewicz-Żukowska, Renata Mielcarek, Konrad Moskwa, Justyna Naliwajko, Sylwia K. Soroczyńska, Jolanta Gromkowska-Kępka, Krystyna J. Nowakowski, Patryk Socha, Katarzyna |
author_facet | Puścion-Jakubik, Anna Bielecka, Joanna Grabia, Monika Mielech, Anita Markiewicz-Żukowska, Renata Mielcarek, Konrad Moskwa, Justyna Naliwajko, Sylwia K. Soroczyńska, Jolanta Gromkowska-Kępka, Krystyna J. Nowakowski, Patryk Socha, Katarzyna |
author_sort | Puścion-Jakubik, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Food supplements (FS) are a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, or other ingredients with nutritional or other physiological effects. Due to their easy availability, widespread advertising, and sometimes low price, increased consumption of this group of preparations has been observed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and intake of FS during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, with particular reference to FS containing zinc and vitamin D. It was noted that both of the above ingredients were used significantly more often by people with higher education (59.0%), with a medical background or related working in the medical field (54.5%), and/or exercising at home (60.1%). Preparations containing vitamin D were used by 22.8% of the respondents in the first wave, 37.6% in the second wave, and 32.9% in the third wave. To sum up, we showed the highest consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements, and preparations containing zinc and vitamin D were taken significantly more often by people with higher medical and related education. This indicates a high awareness of health aspects and the need for preventive measures in these groups. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8538476 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85384762021-10-24 Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D Puścion-Jakubik, Anna Bielecka, Joanna Grabia, Monika Mielech, Anita Markiewicz-Żukowska, Renata Mielcarek, Konrad Moskwa, Justyna Naliwajko, Sylwia K. Soroczyńska, Jolanta Gromkowska-Kępka, Krystyna J. Nowakowski, Patryk Socha, Katarzyna Nutrients Article Food supplements (FS) are a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, or other ingredients with nutritional or other physiological effects. Due to their easy availability, widespread advertising, and sometimes low price, increased consumption of this group of preparations has been observed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and intake of FS during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, with particular reference to FS containing zinc and vitamin D. It was noted that both of the above ingredients were used significantly more often by people with higher education (59.0%), with a medical background or related working in the medical field (54.5%), and/or exercising at home (60.1%). Preparations containing vitamin D were used by 22.8% of the respondents in the first wave, 37.6% in the second wave, and 32.9% in the third wave. To sum up, we showed the highest consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements, and preparations containing zinc and vitamin D were taken significantly more often by people with higher medical and related education. This indicates a high awareness of health aspects and the need for preventive measures in these groups. MDPI 2021-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8538476/ /pubmed/34684363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103361 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Puścion-Jakubik, Anna Bielecka, Joanna Grabia, Monika Mielech, Anita Markiewicz-Żukowska, Renata Mielcarek, Konrad Moskwa, Justyna Naliwajko, Sylwia K. Soroczyńska, Jolanta Gromkowska-Kępka, Krystyna J. Nowakowski, Patryk Socha, Katarzyna Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D |
title | Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D |
title_full | Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D |
title_fullStr | Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D |
title_full_unstemmed | Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D |
title_short | Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D |
title_sort | consumption of food supplements during the three covid-19 waves in poland—focus on zinc and vitamin d |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538476/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103361 |
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