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Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera

The freezing phenomenon has a dramatic impact on the quality of freeze-dried products. Several freezing models applied to solutions in vials have been proposed to predict the resulting product morphology and describe heat transfer mechanisms. However, there is a lack of detailed experimental observa...

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Autores principales: Harguindeguy, Maitê, Stratta, Lorenzo, Fissore, Davide, Pisano, Roberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683957
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101664
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author Harguindeguy, Maitê
Stratta, Lorenzo
Fissore, Davide
Pisano, Roberto
author_facet Harguindeguy, Maitê
Stratta, Lorenzo
Fissore, Davide
Pisano, Roberto
author_sort Harguindeguy, Maitê
collection PubMed
description The freezing phenomenon has a dramatic impact on the quality of freeze-dried products. Several freezing models applied to solutions in vials have been proposed to predict the resulting product morphology and describe heat transfer mechanisms. However, there is a lack of detailed experimental observations of the freezing phenomenon in vials in the literature. Thus, the present work offers new experimental observations of the freezing phenomenon in vials by infrared (IR) thermography. IR imaging allowed each vial’s whole axial temperature profile to be collected during freezing, providing significant insights into the process. Spontaneous nucleation and vacuum-induced surface freezing (VISF), as a controlled nucleation technique, are investigated. Batches having vials in direct contact with the shelf (exchanging heat mainly through conduction) as well as suspended (exchanging heat mainly through natural convection and radiation) were tested. The study used three solutions: sucrose 5%, mannitol 5%, and dextran 10%. SEM images coupled with an automated image segmentation technique were also performed to examine possible correlations between the freezing observations and the resulting pore size distributions. IR thermography was found to be a promising tool for experimentally predicting the resulting product morphology in-line.
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spelling pubmed-85395062021-10-24 Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera Harguindeguy, Maitê Stratta, Lorenzo Fissore, Davide Pisano, Roberto Pharmaceutics Article The freezing phenomenon has a dramatic impact on the quality of freeze-dried products. Several freezing models applied to solutions in vials have been proposed to predict the resulting product morphology and describe heat transfer mechanisms. However, there is a lack of detailed experimental observations of the freezing phenomenon in vials in the literature. Thus, the present work offers new experimental observations of the freezing phenomenon in vials by infrared (IR) thermography. IR imaging allowed each vial’s whole axial temperature profile to be collected during freezing, providing significant insights into the process. Spontaneous nucleation and vacuum-induced surface freezing (VISF), as a controlled nucleation technique, are investigated. Batches having vials in direct contact with the shelf (exchanging heat mainly through conduction) as well as suspended (exchanging heat mainly through natural convection and radiation) were tested. The study used three solutions: sucrose 5%, mannitol 5%, and dextran 10%. SEM images coupled with an automated image segmentation technique were also performed to examine possible correlations between the freezing observations and the resulting pore size distributions. IR thermography was found to be a promising tool for experimentally predicting the resulting product morphology in-line. MDPI 2021-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8539506/ /pubmed/34683957 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101664 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Harguindeguy, Maitê
Stratta, Lorenzo
Fissore, Davide
Pisano, Roberto
Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera
title Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera
title_full Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera
title_fullStr Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera
title_short Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera
title_sort investigation of the freezing phenomenon in vials using an infrared camera
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683957
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101664
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