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A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion

Genomic surveillance of viral isolates during the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa, the largest and most devastating filovirus outbreak on record, revealed several novel mutations. The responsible strain, named Makona, carries an A-to-V substitution at position 82 (A82V) in the glyco...

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Autores principales: Fels, J. Maximilian, Bortz, Robert H., Alkutkar, Tanwee, Mittler, Eva, Jangra, Rohit K., Spence, Jennifer S., Chandran, Kartik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8545129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33593971
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03616-20
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author Fels, J. Maximilian
Bortz, Robert H.
Alkutkar, Tanwee
Mittler, Eva
Jangra, Rohit K.
Spence, Jennifer S.
Chandran, Kartik
author_facet Fels, J. Maximilian
Bortz, Robert H.
Alkutkar, Tanwee
Mittler, Eva
Jangra, Rohit K.
Spence, Jennifer S.
Chandran, Kartik
author_sort Fels, J. Maximilian
collection PubMed
description Genomic surveillance of viral isolates during the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa, the largest and most devastating filovirus outbreak on record, revealed several novel mutations. The responsible strain, named Makona, carries an A-to-V substitution at position 82 (A82V) in the glycoprotein (GP), which is associated with enhanced infectivity in vitro. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis for this enhancement as well as the interplay between A82V and a T-to-I substitution at residue 544 of GP, which also modulates infectivity in cell culture. We found that both 82V and 544I destabilize GP, with the residue at position 544 impacting overall stability, while 82V specifically destabilizes proteolytically cleaved GP. Both residues also promote faster kinetics of lipid mixing of the viral and host membranes in live cells, individually and in tandem, which correlates with faster times to fusion following colocalization with the viral receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Furthermore, GPs bearing 82V are more sensitive to proteolysis by cathepsin L (CatL), a key host factor for viral entry. Intriguingly, CatL processed 82V variant GPs to a novel product with a molecular weight of approximately 12,000 (12K), which we hypothesize corresponds to a form of GP that is pre-triggered for fusion. We thus propose a model in which 82V promotes more efficient GP processing by CatL, leading to faster viral fusion kinetics and higher levels of infectivity.
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spelling pubmed-85451292021-10-27 A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion Fels, J. Maximilian Bortz, Robert H. Alkutkar, Tanwee Mittler, Eva Jangra, Rohit K. Spence, Jennifer S. Chandran, Kartik mBio Research Article Genomic surveillance of viral isolates during the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa, the largest and most devastating filovirus outbreak on record, revealed several novel mutations. The responsible strain, named Makona, carries an A-to-V substitution at position 82 (A82V) in the glycoprotein (GP), which is associated with enhanced infectivity in vitro. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis for this enhancement as well as the interplay between A82V and a T-to-I substitution at residue 544 of GP, which also modulates infectivity in cell culture. We found that both 82V and 544I destabilize GP, with the residue at position 544 impacting overall stability, while 82V specifically destabilizes proteolytically cleaved GP. Both residues also promote faster kinetics of lipid mixing of the viral and host membranes in live cells, individually and in tandem, which correlates with faster times to fusion following colocalization with the viral receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Furthermore, GPs bearing 82V are more sensitive to proteolysis by cathepsin L (CatL), a key host factor for viral entry. Intriguingly, CatL processed 82V variant GPs to a novel product with a molecular weight of approximately 12,000 (12K), which we hypothesize corresponds to a form of GP that is pre-triggered for fusion. We thus propose a model in which 82V promotes more efficient GP processing by CatL, leading to faster viral fusion kinetics and higher levels of infectivity. American Society for Microbiology 2021-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8545129/ /pubmed/33593971 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03616-20 Text en Copyright © 2021 Fels et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Fels, J. Maximilian
Bortz, Robert H.
Alkutkar, Tanwee
Mittler, Eva
Jangra, Rohit K.
Spence, Jennifer S.
Chandran, Kartik
A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion
title A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion
title_full A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion
title_fullStr A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion
title_full_unstemmed A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion
title_short A Glycoprotein Mutation That Emerged during the 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Epidemic Alters Proteolysis and Accelerates Membrane Fusion
title_sort glycoprotein mutation that emerged during the 2013–2016 ebola virus epidemic alters proteolysis and accelerates membrane fusion
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8545129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33593971
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03616-20
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