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Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown
Bile acids (BA) have shown promising effects in animal models of obesity. However, the said effects are thought to rely on a thermogenic effect, which is questionably present in humans. A previous work has shown that the BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can revert obesity and accelerate metabolism in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584144/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769169 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111738 |
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author | Teodoro, João S. Machado, Ivo F. Castela, Ana C. Amorim, João A. Jarak, Ivana Carvalho, Rui A. Palmeira, Carlos M. Rolo, Anabela P. |
author_facet | Teodoro, João S. Machado, Ivo F. Castela, Ana C. Amorim, João A. Jarak, Ivana Carvalho, Rui A. Palmeira, Carlos M. Rolo, Anabela P. |
author_sort | Teodoro, João S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bile acids (BA) have shown promising effects in animal models of obesity. However, the said effects are thought to rely on a thermogenic effect, which is questionably present in humans. A previous work has shown that the BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can revert obesity and accelerate metabolism in animal and cell culture models. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand if this obesity reduction is indeed thermogenically-dependent. A CRISPR/Cas9 model of TGR5 (BA receptor) knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was developed to diminish thermogenic effects. Various parameters were assessed, including mitochondrial bioenergetics by Seahorse flux analysis, oxidative stress and membrane potential by fluorometry, intermediary metabolism by NMR, protein content assessment by Western Blot, gene expression by qPCR, and confocal microscopy evaluation of mitophagy. CDCA was still capable, for the most part, of reversing the harmful effects of cellular obesity, elevating mitophagy and leading to the reduction of harmed mitochondria within the cells, boosting mitochondrial activity, and thus energy consumption. In summary, CDCA has a non-thermogenic, obesity reducing capacity that hinges on a healthy mitochondrial population, explaining at least some of these effects and opening avenues of human treatment for metabolic diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8584144 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85841442021-11-12 Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown Teodoro, João S. Machado, Ivo F. Castela, Ana C. Amorim, João A. Jarak, Ivana Carvalho, Rui A. Palmeira, Carlos M. Rolo, Anabela P. Int J Mol Sci Article Bile acids (BA) have shown promising effects in animal models of obesity. However, the said effects are thought to rely on a thermogenic effect, which is questionably present in humans. A previous work has shown that the BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can revert obesity and accelerate metabolism in animal and cell culture models. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand if this obesity reduction is indeed thermogenically-dependent. A CRISPR/Cas9 model of TGR5 (BA receptor) knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was developed to diminish thermogenic effects. Various parameters were assessed, including mitochondrial bioenergetics by Seahorse flux analysis, oxidative stress and membrane potential by fluorometry, intermediary metabolism by NMR, protein content assessment by Western Blot, gene expression by qPCR, and confocal microscopy evaluation of mitophagy. CDCA was still capable, for the most part, of reversing the harmful effects of cellular obesity, elevating mitophagy and leading to the reduction of harmed mitochondria within the cells, boosting mitochondrial activity, and thus energy consumption. In summary, CDCA has a non-thermogenic, obesity reducing capacity that hinges on a healthy mitochondrial population, explaining at least some of these effects and opening avenues of human treatment for metabolic diseases. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8584144/ /pubmed/34769169 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111738 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Teodoro, João S. Machado, Ivo F. Castela, Ana C. Amorim, João A. Jarak, Ivana Carvalho, Rui A. Palmeira, Carlos M. Rolo, Anabela P. Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown |
title | Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown |
title_full | Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown |
title_fullStr | Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown |
title_full_unstemmed | Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown |
title_short | Chenodeoxycholic Acid Has Non-Thermogenic, Mitodynamic Anti-Obesity Effects in an In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Model of Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Knockdown |
title_sort | chenodeoxycholic acid has non-thermogenic, mitodynamic anti-obesity effects in an in vitro crispr/cas9 model of bile acid receptor tgr5 knockdown |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584144/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769169 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111738 |
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