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Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway

Excess body weight is thought to increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), although the biological mechanism is currently unclear. Body fatness is positively associated with a diminished cellular response to insulin and biomarkers of insulin signalling have been positively associated wi...

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Autores principales: James, Rachel, Dimopoulou, Olympia, Martin, Richard M., Perks, Claire M., Kelly, Claire, Mathias, Louise, Brugger, Stefan, Higgins, Julian P. T., Lewis, Sarah J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110726
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author James, Rachel
Dimopoulou, Olympia
Martin, Richard M.
Perks, Claire M.
Kelly, Claire
Mathias, Louise
Brugger, Stefan
Higgins, Julian P. T.
Lewis, Sarah J.
author_facet James, Rachel
Dimopoulou, Olympia
Martin, Richard M.
Perks, Claire M.
Kelly, Claire
Mathias, Louise
Brugger, Stefan
Higgins, Julian P. T.
Lewis, Sarah J.
author_sort James, Rachel
collection PubMed
description Excess body weight is thought to increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), although the biological mechanism is currently unclear. Body fatness is positively associated with a diminished cellular response to insulin and biomarkers of insulin signalling have been positively associated with PCa risk. We carried out a two-pronged systematic review of (a) the effect of reducing body fatness on insulin biomarker levels and (b) the effect of insulin biomarkers on PCa risk, to determine whether a reduction in body fatness could reduce PCa risk via effects on the insulin signalling pathway. We identified seven eligible randomised controlled trials of interventions designed to reduce body fatness which measured insulin biomarkers as an outcome, and six eligible prospective observational studies of insulin biomarkers and PCa risk. We found some evidence that a reduction in body fatness improved insulin sensitivity although our confidence in this evidence was low based on GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations). We were unable to reach any conclusions on the effect of insulin sensitivity on PCa risk from the few studies included in our systematic review. A reduction in body fatness may reduce PCa risk via insulin signalling, but more high-quality evidence is needed before any conclusions can be reached regarding PCa.
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spelling pubmed-86258232021-11-27 Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway James, Rachel Dimopoulou, Olympia Martin, Richard M. Perks, Claire M. Kelly, Claire Mathias, Louise Brugger, Stefan Higgins, Julian P. T. Lewis, Sarah J. Metabolites Systematic Review Excess body weight is thought to increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), although the biological mechanism is currently unclear. Body fatness is positively associated with a diminished cellular response to insulin and biomarkers of insulin signalling have been positively associated with PCa risk. We carried out a two-pronged systematic review of (a) the effect of reducing body fatness on insulin biomarker levels and (b) the effect of insulin biomarkers on PCa risk, to determine whether a reduction in body fatness could reduce PCa risk via effects on the insulin signalling pathway. We identified seven eligible randomised controlled trials of interventions designed to reduce body fatness which measured insulin biomarkers as an outcome, and six eligible prospective observational studies of insulin biomarkers and PCa risk. We found some evidence that a reduction in body fatness improved insulin sensitivity although our confidence in this evidence was low based on GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations). We were unable to reach any conclusions on the effect of insulin sensitivity on PCa risk from the few studies included in our systematic review. A reduction in body fatness may reduce PCa risk via insulin signalling, but more high-quality evidence is needed before any conclusions can be reached regarding PCa. MDPI 2021-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8625823/ /pubmed/34822385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110726 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
James, Rachel
Dimopoulou, Olympia
Martin, Richard M.
Perks, Claire M.
Kelly, Claire
Mathias, Louise
Brugger, Stefan
Higgins, Julian P. T.
Lewis, Sarah J.
Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway
title Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway
title_full Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway
title_fullStr Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway
title_full_unstemmed Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway
title_short Could Reducing Body Fatness Reduce the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer via the Insulin Signalling Pathway? A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Pathway
title_sort could reducing body fatness reduce the risk of aggressive prostate cancer via the insulin signalling pathway? a systematic review of the mechanistic pathway
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110726
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