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Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2

Fatty acid overload, either of the saturated palmitic acid (PA) or the unsaturated oleic acid (OA), causes triglyceride accumulation into specialized organelles termed lipid droplets (LD). However, only PA overload leads to liver damage mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these divergent...

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Autores principales: Eynaudi, Andrea, Díaz-Castro, Francisco, Bórquez, Juan Carlos, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Parra, Valentina, Troncoso, Rodrigo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8632770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869541
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.775382
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author Eynaudi, Andrea
Díaz-Castro, Francisco
Bórquez, Juan Carlos
Bravo-Sagua, Roberto
Parra, Valentina
Troncoso, Rodrigo
author_facet Eynaudi, Andrea
Díaz-Castro, Francisco
Bórquez, Juan Carlos
Bravo-Sagua, Roberto
Parra, Valentina
Troncoso, Rodrigo
author_sort Eynaudi, Andrea
collection PubMed
description Fatty acid overload, either of the saturated palmitic acid (PA) or the unsaturated oleic acid (OA), causes triglyceride accumulation into specialized organelles termed lipid droplets (LD). However, only PA overload leads to liver damage mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these divergent outcomes stem from differential effects of PA and OA on LD and mitochondria joint dynamics remains to be uncovered. Here, we contrast how both fatty acids impact the morphology and interaction between both organelles and mitochondrial bioenergetics in HepG2 cells. Using confocal microscopy, we showed that short-term (2–24 h) OA overload promotes more and bigger LD accumulation than PA. Oxygen polarography indicated that both treatments stimulated mitochondrial respiration; however, OA favored an overall build-up of the mitochondrial potential, and PA evoked mitochondrial fragmentation, concomitant with an ATP-oriented metabolism. Even though PA-induced a lesser increase in LD-mitochondria proximity than OA, those LD associated with highly active mitochondria suggest that they interact mainly to fuel fatty acid oxidation and ATP synthesis (that is, metabolically “active” LD). On the contrary, OA overload seemingly stimulated LD-mitochondria interaction mainly for LD growth (thus metabolically “passive” LDs). In sum, these differences point out that OA readily accumulates in LD, likely reducing their toxicity, while PA preferably stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which may contribute to liver damage progression.
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spelling pubmed-86327702021-12-02 Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2 Eynaudi, Andrea Díaz-Castro, Francisco Bórquez, Juan Carlos Bravo-Sagua, Roberto Parra, Valentina Troncoso, Rodrigo Front Nutr Nutrition Fatty acid overload, either of the saturated palmitic acid (PA) or the unsaturated oleic acid (OA), causes triglyceride accumulation into specialized organelles termed lipid droplets (LD). However, only PA overload leads to liver damage mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these divergent outcomes stem from differential effects of PA and OA on LD and mitochondria joint dynamics remains to be uncovered. Here, we contrast how both fatty acids impact the morphology and interaction between both organelles and mitochondrial bioenergetics in HepG2 cells. Using confocal microscopy, we showed that short-term (2–24 h) OA overload promotes more and bigger LD accumulation than PA. Oxygen polarography indicated that both treatments stimulated mitochondrial respiration; however, OA favored an overall build-up of the mitochondrial potential, and PA evoked mitochondrial fragmentation, concomitant with an ATP-oriented metabolism. Even though PA-induced a lesser increase in LD-mitochondria proximity than OA, those LD associated with highly active mitochondria suggest that they interact mainly to fuel fatty acid oxidation and ATP synthesis (that is, metabolically “active” LD). On the contrary, OA overload seemingly stimulated LD-mitochondria interaction mainly for LD growth (thus metabolically “passive” LDs). In sum, these differences point out that OA readily accumulates in LD, likely reducing their toxicity, while PA preferably stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which may contribute to liver damage progression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8632770/ /pubmed/34869541 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.775382 Text en Copyright © 2021 Eynaudi, Díaz-Castro, Bórquez, Bravo-Sagua, Parra and Troncoso. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Eynaudi, Andrea
Díaz-Castro, Francisco
Bórquez, Juan Carlos
Bravo-Sagua, Roberto
Parra, Valentina
Troncoso, Rodrigo
Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2
title Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2
title_full Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2
title_fullStr Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2
title_full_unstemmed Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2
title_short Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2
title_sort differential effects of oleic and palmitic acids on lipid droplet-mitochondria interaction in the hepatic cell line hepg2
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8632770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869541
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.775382
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