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An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Disordered proline-rich motifs are common across the proteomes of many species and are often involved in protein-protein interactions. Proline is a unique amino acid due to the covalent bond between the backbone nitrogen and the proline side chain. The resulting five-membered ring allows proline to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634643/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.734169 |
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author | Alcantara, Juan Stix, Robyn Huang, Katherine Connor, Acadia East, Ray Jaramillo-Martinez, Valeria Stollar, Elliott J. Ball, K. Aurelia |
author_facet | Alcantara, Juan Stix, Robyn Huang, Katherine Connor, Acadia East, Ray Jaramillo-Martinez, Valeria Stollar, Elliott J. Ball, K. Aurelia |
author_sort | Alcantara, Juan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Disordered proline-rich motifs are common across the proteomes of many species and are often involved in protein-protein interactions. Proline is a unique amino acid due to the covalent bond between the backbone nitrogen and the proline side chain. The resulting five-membered ring allows proline to sample the cis state about its peptide bond, which other residues cannot do as readily. Because proline-rich disordered sequences exist as ensembles that likely include structures with the proline peptide bond in cis, a robust methodology to accurately account for these conformations in the overall ensemble is crucial. Observing the cis conformations of proline in a disordered sequence is challenging both experimentally and computationally. Nitrogen-hydrogen NMR spectroscopy cannot directly observe proline residues, which lack an amide bond, and computational methods struggle to overcome the large kinetic barrier between the cis and trans states, since isomerization usually occurs on the order of seconds. In the current work, Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics was used to overcome this free energy barrier and simulate proline isomerization in a tetrapeptide (KPTP) and in the 12-residue proline-rich SH3 binding peptide, ArkA. We found that Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics, when combined with a lowered peptide bond dihedral angle potential energy barrier (15 kcal/mol), allowed sufficient sampling of the proline cis and trans states on a microsecond timescale. All ArkA prolines spend a significant fraction of time in cis, leading to a more compact ensemble with less polyproline II helix structure than an ArkA ensemble with all peptide bonds in trans. The ensemble containing cis prolines also matches more closely to in vitro circular dichroism data than the all-trans ensemble. The ability of the ArkA prolines to isomerize likely affects the peptide’s ability to bind its partner SH3 domain, and should be studied further. This is the first molecular dynamics simulation study of proline isomerization in a biologically relevant proline-rich sequence that we know of, and a similar protocol could be applied to study multi-proline isomerization in other proline-containing proteins to improve conformational diversity and agreement with in vitro data. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8634643 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86346432021-12-02 An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations Alcantara, Juan Stix, Robyn Huang, Katherine Connor, Acadia East, Ray Jaramillo-Martinez, Valeria Stollar, Elliott J. Ball, K. Aurelia Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Disordered proline-rich motifs are common across the proteomes of many species and are often involved in protein-protein interactions. Proline is a unique amino acid due to the covalent bond between the backbone nitrogen and the proline side chain. The resulting five-membered ring allows proline to sample the cis state about its peptide bond, which other residues cannot do as readily. Because proline-rich disordered sequences exist as ensembles that likely include structures with the proline peptide bond in cis, a robust methodology to accurately account for these conformations in the overall ensemble is crucial. Observing the cis conformations of proline in a disordered sequence is challenging both experimentally and computationally. Nitrogen-hydrogen NMR spectroscopy cannot directly observe proline residues, which lack an amide bond, and computational methods struggle to overcome the large kinetic barrier between the cis and trans states, since isomerization usually occurs on the order of seconds. In the current work, Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics was used to overcome this free energy barrier and simulate proline isomerization in a tetrapeptide (KPTP) and in the 12-residue proline-rich SH3 binding peptide, ArkA. We found that Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics, when combined with a lowered peptide bond dihedral angle potential energy barrier (15 kcal/mol), allowed sufficient sampling of the proline cis and trans states on a microsecond timescale. All ArkA prolines spend a significant fraction of time in cis, leading to a more compact ensemble with less polyproline II helix structure than an ArkA ensemble with all peptide bonds in trans. The ensemble containing cis prolines also matches more closely to in vitro circular dichroism data than the all-trans ensemble. The ability of the ArkA prolines to isomerize likely affects the peptide’s ability to bind its partner SH3 domain, and should be studied further. This is the first molecular dynamics simulation study of proline isomerization in a biologically relevant proline-rich sequence that we know of, and a similar protocol could be applied to study multi-proline isomerization in other proline-containing proteins to improve conformational diversity and agreement with in vitro data. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8634643/ /pubmed/34869581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.734169 Text en Copyright © 2021 Alcantara, Stix, Huang, Connor, East, Jaramillo-Martinez, Stollar and Ball. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Molecular Biosciences Alcantara, Juan Stix, Robyn Huang, Katherine Connor, Acadia East, Ray Jaramillo-Martinez, Valeria Stollar, Elliott J. Ball, K. Aurelia An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
title | An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
title_full | An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
title_fullStr | An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
title_full_unstemmed | An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
title_short | An Unbound Proline-Rich Signaling Peptide Frequently Samples Cis Conformations in Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
title_sort | unbound proline-rich signaling peptide frequently samples cis conformations in gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations |
topic | Molecular Biosciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634643/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.734169 |
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