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Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells
Attachment to the matrix is critical for the survival of adherent cells, whereas detachment triggers death by apoptosis. Therefore, solid tumors must acquire the ability to survive the stress of matrix-detachment to transit through circulation and seed metastases. Although a central role for energy...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.771366 |
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author | Saha, Manipa Deshpande, Neha Dubey, Abhinav Pal, Debnath Atreya, Hanudatta S. Rangarajan, Annapoorni |
author_facet | Saha, Manipa Deshpande, Neha Dubey, Abhinav Pal, Debnath Atreya, Hanudatta S. Rangarajan, Annapoorni |
author_sort | Saha, Manipa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Attachment to the matrix is critical for the survival of adherent cells, whereas detachment triggers death by apoptosis. Therefore, solid tumors must acquire the ability to survive the stress of matrix-detachment to transit through circulation and seed metastases. Although a central role for energy metabolism in cancer progression is well established, what distinguishes its role in the cellular state of the matrix-deprived form compared to the matrix-attached form is not fully understood yet. Using an in vitro transformation model dependent on simian virus 40 (SV40) small t (ST) antigen for cellular survival and proliferation in matrix-deprived conditions, we demonstrate that 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is elevated and sustained under matrix-deprived conditions in ST-expressing fibroblasts. Additionally, these cells display elevated energy (ATP) levels under matrix-deprived conditions in contrast to cells lacking ST expression. The elevated ATP levels are coupled to increased levels of proline in ST-expressing cells, as revealed by metabolomics studies. The AMPK-dependent upregulation of proline oxidase, an enzyme of proline degradation, is a key link for elevated ATP levels. This functional link is further established by proline supplementation concomitant with AMPK activation in matrix-deprived cells lacking ST antigen, yielding ATP and enhancing survival. Thus, our data establishes a key role for AMPK-dependent regulation of proline metabolism in mediating energy homeostasis and promoting survival of matrix-deprived cells. These findings identify key markers that distinguish the metabolic states of matrix-detached and matrix-attached transformed cells and have implications in developing novel therapeutic strategies for specifically targeting matrix-detached metastasizing cancer cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8634847 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86348472021-12-02 Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells Saha, Manipa Deshpande, Neha Dubey, Abhinav Pal, Debnath Atreya, Hanudatta S. Rangarajan, Annapoorni Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Attachment to the matrix is critical for the survival of adherent cells, whereas detachment triggers death by apoptosis. Therefore, solid tumors must acquire the ability to survive the stress of matrix-detachment to transit through circulation and seed metastases. Although a central role for energy metabolism in cancer progression is well established, what distinguishes its role in the cellular state of the matrix-deprived form compared to the matrix-attached form is not fully understood yet. Using an in vitro transformation model dependent on simian virus 40 (SV40) small t (ST) antigen for cellular survival and proliferation in matrix-deprived conditions, we demonstrate that 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is elevated and sustained under matrix-deprived conditions in ST-expressing fibroblasts. Additionally, these cells display elevated energy (ATP) levels under matrix-deprived conditions in contrast to cells lacking ST expression. The elevated ATP levels are coupled to increased levels of proline in ST-expressing cells, as revealed by metabolomics studies. The AMPK-dependent upregulation of proline oxidase, an enzyme of proline degradation, is a key link for elevated ATP levels. This functional link is further established by proline supplementation concomitant with AMPK activation in matrix-deprived cells lacking ST antigen, yielding ATP and enhancing survival. Thus, our data establishes a key role for AMPK-dependent regulation of proline metabolism in mediating energy homeostasis and promoting survival of matrix-deprived cells. These findings identify key markers that distinguish the metabolic states of matrix-detached and matrix-attached transformed cells and have implications in developing novel therapeutic strategies for specifically targeting matrix-detached metastasizing cancer cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8634847/ /pubmed/34869367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.771366 Text en Copyright © 2021 Saha, Deshpande, Dubey, Pal, Atreya and Rangarajan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Saha, Manipa Deshpande, Neha Dubey, Abhinav Pal, Debnath Atreya, Hanudatta S. Rangarajan, Annapoorni Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells |
title | Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells |
title_full | Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells |
title_fullStr | Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells |
title_short | Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells |
title_sort | sustained ampk activation and proline metabolism play critical roles in the survival of matrix-deprived transformed cells |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34869367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.771366 |
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