Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan

BACKGROUND: There are many commercially available automated assays for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immune responses; however, owing to insufficient data, their validities remain unknown. Here, we examined antibody responses during acute-phase COVID-19 using four assays that detect...

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Autores principales: Hibino, Makoto, Watanabe, Shigehiro, Tobe, Shunichi, Maeda, Kazunari, Horiuchi, Shigeto, Nishiguchi, Sho, Iwase, Akihiko, Uryu, Kiyoaki, Kobayashi, Shuzo, Kondo, Tetsuri
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924308
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.006
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author Hibino, Makoto
Watanabe, Shigehiro
Tobe, Shunichi
Maeda, Kazunari
Horiuchi, Shigeto
Nishiguchi, Sho
Iwase, Akihiko
Uryu, Kiyoaki
Kobayashi, Shuzo
Kondo, Tetsuri
author_facet Hibino, Makoto
Watanabe, Shigehiro
Tobe, Shunichi
Maeda, Kazunari
Horiuchi, Shigeto
Nishiguchi, Sho
Iwase, Akihiko
Uryu, Kiyoaki
Kobayashi, Shuzo
Kondo, Tetsuri
author_sort Hibino, Makoto
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: There are many commercially available automated assays for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immune responses; however, owing to insufficient data, their validities remain unknown. Here, we examined antibody responses during acute-phase COVID-19 using four assays that detect anti-spike protein IgM (S-IgM), anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG (N-IgG), anti-spike protein total Ig (S-total Ig), and anti-spike protein IgG (S-IgG). METHODS: We measured antibody levels in 1154 serum samples collected from 286 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 by a gene amplification method between February and December 2020 in Japan. Sera from 860 healthcare workers were used as negative controls. RESULTS: The antibody positivity rates increased on week 2, peaked, and then started to plateau by the beginning of week 3 after symptom onset. On week 1, there were some significant differences in seropositivity rates between assays (p = 0.032): 14.9% (11.0%–19.4%) for S-IgM and 8.9% (6.0%–12.7%) for N-IgG. The seropositivity for the S-total Ig (10.6% [7.3%–14.6%]) assay was considerably better than that for the S-IgG (6.9% [4.3%–10.4%]) assay, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The levels of S-IgM antibodies and the three others peaked on weeks 3 and 5, respectively. All four assays showed high specificities (>99%). CONCLUSIONS: All four assays had good specificities and were suitable for seropositivity detection after week 3 of symptom onset. Assays of IgM alone or total Ig (containing IgM) were better than those of IgG alone as an adjunct serological test for early-stage COVID-19 diagnosis, albeit the use of a serological assay alone is insufficient.
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spelling pubmed-86394012021-12-03 Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan Hibino, Makoto Watanabe, Shigehiro Tobe, Shunichi Maeda, Kazunari Horiuchi, Shigeto Nishiguchi, Sho Iwase, Akihiko Uryu, Kiyoaki Kobayashi, Shuzo Kondo, Tetsuri Respir Investig Original Article BACKGROUND: There are many commercially available automated assays for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immune responses; however, owing to insufficient data, their validities remain unknown. Here, we examined antibody responses during acute-phase COVID-19 using four assays that detect anti-spike protein IgM (S-IgM), anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG (N-IgG), anti-spike protein total Ig (S-total Ig), and anti-spike protein IgG (S-IgG). METHODS: We measured antibody levels in 1154 serum samples collected from 286 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 by a gene amplification method between February and December 2020 in Japan. Sera from 860 healthcare workers were used as negative controls. RESULTS: The antibody positivity rates increased on week 2, peaked, and then started to plateau by the beginning of week 3 after symptom onset. On week 1, there were some significant differences in seropositivity rates between assays (p = 0.032): 14.9% (11.0%–19.4%) for S-IgM and 8.9% (6.0%–12.7%) for N-IgG. The seropositivity for the S-total Ig (10.6% [7.3%–14.6%]) assay was considerably better than that for the S-IgG (6.9% [4.3%–10.4%]) assay, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The levels of S-IgM antibodies and the three others peaked on weeks 3 and 5, respectively. All four assays showed high specificities (>99%). CONCLUSIONS: All four assays had good specificities and were suitable for seropositivity detection after week 3 of symptom onset. Assays of IgM alone or total Ig (containing IgM) were better than those of IgG alone as an adjunct serological test for early-stage COVID-19 diagnosis, albeit the use of a serological assay alone is insufficient. The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2022-03 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8639401/ /pubmed/34924308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.006 Text en © 2021 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Original Article
Hibino, Makoto
Watanabe, Shigehiro
Tobe, Shunichi
Maeda, Kazunari
Horiuchi, Shigeto
Nishiguchi, Sho
Iwase, Akihiko
Uryu, Kiyoaki
Kobayashi, Shuzo
Kondo, Tetsuri
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
title Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
title_full Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
title_fullStr Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
title_full_unstemmed Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
title_short Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
title_sort antibody responses to sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with covid-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in japan
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924308
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.006
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