Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan
BACKGROUND: There are many commercially available automated assays for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immune responses; however, owing to insufficient data, their validities remain unknown. Here, we examined antibody responses during acute-phase COVID-19 using four assays that detect...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639401/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.006 |
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author | Hibino, Makoto Watanabe, Shigehiro Tobe, Shunichi Maeda, Kazunari Horiuchi, Shigeto Nishiguchi, Sho Iwase, Akihiko Uryu, Kiyoaki Kobayashi, Shuzo Kondo, Tetsuri |
author_facet | Hibino, Makoto Watanabe, Shigehiro Tobe, Shunichi Maeda, Kazunari Horiuchi, Shigeto Nishiguchi, Sho Iwase, Akihiko Uryu, Kiyoaki Kobayashi, Shuzo Kondo, Tetsuri |
author_sort | Hibino, Makoto |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There are many commercially available automated assays for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immune responses; however, owing to insufficient data, their validities remain unknown. Here, we examined antibody responses during acute-phase COVID-19 using four assays that detect anti-spike protein IgM (S-IgM), anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG (N-IgG), anti-spike protein total Ig (S-total Ig), and anti-spike protein IgG (S-IgG). METHODS: We measured antibody levels in 1154 serum samples collected from 286 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 by a gene amplification method between February and December 2020 in Japan. Sera from 860 healthcare workers were used as negative controls. RESULTS: The antibody positivity rates increased on week 2, peaked, and then started to plateau by the beginning of week 3 after symptom onset. On week 1, there were some significant differences in seropositivity rates between assays (p = 0.032): 14.9% (11.0%–19.4%) for S-IgM and 8.9% (6.0%–12.7%) for N-IgG. The seropositivity for the S-total Ig (10.6% [7.3%–14.6%]) assay was considerably better than that for the S-IgG (6.9% [4.3%–10.4%]) assay, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The levels of S-IgM antibodies and the three others peaked on weeks 3 and 5, respectively. All four assays showed high specificities (>99%). CONCLUSIONS: All four assays had good specificities and were suitable for seropositivity detection after week 3 of symptom onset. Assays of IgM alone or total Ig (containing IgM) were better than those of IgG alone as an adjunct serological test for early-stage COVID-19 diagnosis, albeit the use of a serological assay alone is insufficient. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8639401 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86394012021-12-03 Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan Hibino, Makoto Watanabe, Shigehiro Tobe, Shunichi Maeda, Kazunari Horiuchi, Shigeto Nishiguchi, Sho Iwase, Akihiko Uryu, Kiyoaki Kobayashi, Shuzo Kondo, Tetsuri Respir Investig Original Article BACKGROUND: There are many commercially available automated assays for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immune responses; however, owing to insufficient data, their validities remain unknown. Here, we examined antibody responses during acute-phase COVID-19 using four assays that detect anti-spike protein IgM (S-IgM), anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG (N-IgG), anti-spike protein total Ig (S-total Ig), and anti-spike protein IgG (S-IgG). METHODS: We measured antibody levels in 1154 serum samples collected from 286 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 by a gene amplification method between February and December 2020 in Japan. Sera from 860 healthcare workers were used as negative controls. RESULTS: The antibody positivity rates increased on week 2, peaked, and then started to plateau by the beginning of week 3 after symptom onset. On week 1, there were some significant differences in seropositivity rates between assays (p = 0.032): 14.9% (11.0%–19.4%) for S-IgM and 8.9% (6.0%–12.7%) for N-IgG. The seropositivity for the S-total Ig (10.6% [7.3%–14.6%]) assay was considerably better than that for the S-IgG (6.9% [4.3%–10.4%]) assay, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The levels of S-IgM antibodies and the three others peaked on weeks 3 and 5, respectively. All four assays showed high specificities (>99%). CONCLUSIONS: All four assays had good specificities and were suitable for seropositivity detection after week 3 of symptom onset. Assays of IgM alone or total Ig (containing IgM) were better than those of IgG alone as an adjunct serological test for early-stage COVID-19 diagnosis, albeit the use of a serological assay alone is insufficient. The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2022-03 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8639401/ /pubmed/34924308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.006 Text en © 2021 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Hibino, Makoto Watanabe, Shigehiro Tobe, Shunichi Maeda, Kazunari Horiuchi, Shigeto Nishiguchi, Sho Iwase, Akihiko Uryu, Kiyoaki Kobayashi, Shuzo Kondo, Tetsuri Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan |
title | Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan |
title_full | Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan |
title_fullStr | Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan |
title_short | Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in Japan |
title_sort | antibody responses to sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in hospitalized patients with covid-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study in japan |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639401/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.006 |
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