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Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery

Eukaryotic genomes are segregated into active euchromatic and repressed heterochromatic compartments. Gene regulatory networks, chromosomal structures, and genome integrity rely on the timely and locus-specific establishment of active and silent states to protect the genome and provide the basis for...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bailey, Luke T., Northall, Sarah J., Schalch, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34303934
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2021.06.012
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author Bailey, Luke T.
Northall, Sarah J.
Schalch, Thomas
author_facet Bailey, Luke T.
Northall, Sarah J.
Schalch, Thomas
author_sort Bailey, Luke T.
collection PubMed
description Eukaryotic genomes are segregated into active euchromatic and repressed heterochromatic compartments. Gene regulatory networks, chromosomal structures, and genome integrity rely on the timely and locus-specific establishment of active and silent states to protect the genome and provide the basis for cell division and specification of cellular identity. Here, we focus on the mechanisms and molecular machinery that establish heterochromatin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and compare it with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mammalian polycomb system. We present recent structural and mechanistic evidence, which suggests that histone acetylation protects active transcription by disrupting the positive feedback loops used by the heterochromatin machinery and that H2A and H3 monoubiquitination actively drives heterochromatin, whereas H2B monoubiquitination mobilizes the defenses to quench heterochromatin.
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spelling pubmed-86678732021-12-15 Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery Bailey, Luke T. Northall, Sarah J. Schalch, Thomas Curr Opin Struct Biol Article Eukaryotic genomes are segregated into active euchromatic and repressed heterochromatic compartments. Gene regulatory networks, chromosomal structures, and genome integrity rely on the timely and locus-specific establishment of active and silent states to protect the genome and provide the basis for cell division and specification of cellular identity. Here, we focus on the mechanisms and molecular machinery that establish heterochromatin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and compare it with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mammalian polycomb system. We present recent structural and mechanistic evidence, which suggests that histone acetylation protects active transcription by disrupting the positive feedback loops used by the heterochromatin machinery and that H2A and H3 monoubiquitination actively drives heterochromatin, whereas H2B monoubiquitination mobilizes the defenses to quench heterochromatin. Elsevier Science 2021-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8667873/ /pubmed/34303934 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2021.06.012 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bailey, Luke T.
Northall, Sarah J.
Schalch, Thomas
Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
title Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
title_full Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
title_fullStr Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
title_full_unstemmed Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
title_short Breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
title_sort breakers and amplifiers in chromatin circuitry: acetylation and ubiquitination control the heterochromatin machinery
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34303934
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2021.06.012
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