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Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress
Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8671164/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34926368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.736617 |
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author | Li, Lin Zhang, Jing Chen, Moxin Li, Xue Chu, Qiao Jiang, Run Liu, Zhihao Zhang, Lili Shi, Jun Wang, Yi Zhu, Weizhong Chen, Jian Xun, Pengcheng Zhou, Jibo |
author_facet | Li, Lin Zhang, Jing Chen, Moxin Li, Xue Chu, Qiao Jiang, Run Liu, Zhihao Zhang, Lili Shi, Jun Wang, Yi Zhu, Weizhong Chen, Jian Xun, Pengcheng Zhou, Jibo |
author_sort | Li, Lin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress. Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected. Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8671164 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86711642021-12-16 Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress Li, Lin Zhang, Jing Chen, Moxin Li, Xue Chu, Qiao Jiang, Run Liu, Zhihao Zhang, Lili Shi, Jun Wang, Yi Zhu, Weizhong Chen, Jian Xun, Pengcheng Zhou, Jibo Front Public Health Public Health Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress. Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected. Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8671164/ /pubmed/34926368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.736617 Text en Copyright © 2021 Li, Zhang, Chen, Li, Chu, Jiang, Liu, Zhang, Shi, Wang, Zhu, Chen, Xun and Zhou. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Li, Lin Zhang, Jing Chen, Moxin Li, Xue Chu, Qiao Jiang, Run Liu, Zhihao Zhang, Lili Shi, Jun Wang, Yi Zhu, Weizhong Chen, Jian Xun, Pengcheng Zhou, Jibo Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
title | Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
title_full | Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
title_fullStr | Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
title_short | Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
title_sort | contribution of total screen/online-course time to asthenopia in children during covid-19 pandemic via influencing psychological stress |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8671164/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34926368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.736617 |
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