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Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and globally. Dietary risk factors contribute to over half of all CVD deaths and CVD-related disability. The aim of this narrative review is to describe methods used to assess diet quality and the current stat...

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Autores principales: Petersen, Kristina S., Kris-Etherton, Penny M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959857
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124305
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author Petersen, Kristina S.
Kris-Etherton, Penny M.
author_facet Petersen, Kristina S.
Kris-Etherton, Penny M.
author_sort Petersen, Kristina S.
collection PubMed
description Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and globally. Dietary risk factors contribute to over half of all CVD deaths and CVD-related disability. The aim of this narrative review is to describe methods used to assess diet quality and the current state of evidence on the relationship between diet quality and risk of CVD. The findings of the review will be discussed in the context of current population intake patterns and dietary recommendations. Several methods are used to calculate diet quality: (1) a priori indices based on dietary recommendations; (2) a priori indices based on foods or dietary patterns associated with risk of chronic disease; (3) exploratory data-driven methods. Substantial evidence from prospective cohort studies shows that higher diet quality, regardless of the a priori index used, is associated with a 14–29% lower risk of CVD and 0.5–2.2 years greater CVD-free survival time. Limited evidence is available from randomized controlled trials, although evidence shows healthy dietary patterns improve risk factors for CVD and lower CVD risk. Current dietary guidance for general health and CVD prevention and management focuses on following a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. High diet quality is a unifying component of all dietary recommendations and should be the focus of national food policies and health promotion.
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spelling pubmed-87063262021-12-25 Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Petersen, Kristina S. Kris-Etherton, Penny M. Nutrients Review Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and globally. Dietary risk factors contribute to over half of all CVD deaths and CVD-related disability. The aim of this narrative review is to describe methods used to assess diet quality and the current state of evidence on the relationship between diet quality and risk of CVD. The findings of the review will be discussed in the context of current population intake patterns and dietary recommendations. Several methods are used to calculate diet quality: (1) a priori indices based on dietary recommendations; (2) a priori indices based on foods or dietary patterns associated with risk of chronic disease; (3) exploratory data-driven methods. Substantial evidence from prospective cohort studies shows that higher diet quality, regardless of the a priori index used, is associated with a 14–29% lower risk of CVD and 0.5–2.2 years greater CVD-free survival time. Limited evidence is available from randomized controlled trials, although evidence shows healthy dietary patterns improve risk factors for CVD and lower CVD risk. Current dietary guidance for general health and CVD prevention and management focuses on following a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. High diet quality is a unifying component of all dietary recommendations and should be the focus of national food policies and health promotion. MDPI 2021-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8706326/ /pubmed/34959857 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124305 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Petersen, Kristina S.
Kris-Etherton, Penny M.
Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
title Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
title_full Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
title_fullStr Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
title_full_unstemmed Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
title_short Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
title_sort diet quality assessment and the relationship between diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959857
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124305
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