Cargando…

Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection

Ungual formulations are regularly tested using human nails or animal surrogates in Franz diffusion cell experiments. Membranes sometimes less than 100 µm thick are used, disregarding the higher physiological thickness of human nails and possible fungal infection. In this study, bovine hoof membranes...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kappes, Sebastian, Faber, Thilo, Nelleßen, Lotta, Yesilkaya, Tanju, Bock, Udo, Lamprecht, Alf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959379
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122098
_version_ 1784622487465623552
author Kappes, Sebastian
Faber, Thilo
Nelleßen, Lotta
Yesilkaya, Tanju
Bock, Udo
Lamprecht, Alf
author_facet Kappes, Sebastian
Faber, Thilo
Nelleßen, Lotta
Yesilkaya, Tanju
Bock, Udo
Lamprecht, Alf
author_sort Kappes, Sebastian
collection PubMed
description Ungual formulations are regularly tested using human nails or animal surrogates in Franz diffusion cell experiments. Membranes sometimes less than 100 µm thick are used, disregarding the higher physiological thickness of human nails and possible fungal infection. In this study, bovine hoof membranes, healthy or infected with Trichophyton rubrum, underwent different imaging techniques highlighting that continuous pores traversed the entire membrane and infection resulted in fungal growth, both superficial, as well as in the membrane’s matrix. These membrane characteristics resulted in substantial differences in the permeation of the antifungal model substance bifonazole, depending on the dosage forms. Increasing the thickness of healthy membranes from 100 µm to 400 µm disproportionally reduced the permeated amount of bifonazole from the liquid and semisolid forms and allowed for a more pronounced assessment of the effects by excipients, such as urea as the permeation enhancer. Similarly, an infection of 400-µm membranes drastically increased the permeated amount. Therefore, the thickness and infection statuses of the membranes in the permeation experiments were essential for a differential readout, and standardized formulation-dependent experimental setups would be highly beneficial.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8707648
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87076482021-12-25 Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection Kappes, Sebastian Faber, Thilo Nelleßen, Lotta Yesilkaya, Tanju Bock, Udo Lamprecht, Alf Pharmaceutics Article Ungual formulations are regularly tested using human nails or animal surrogates in Franz diffusion cell experiments. Membranes sometimes less than 100 µm thick are used, disregarding the higher physiological thickness of human nails and possible fungal infection. In this study, bovine hoof membranes, healthy or infected with Trichophyton rubrum, underwent different imaging techniques highlighting that continuous pores traversed the entire membrane and infection resulted in fungal growth, both superficial, as well as in the membrane’s matrix. These membrane characteristics resulted in substantial differences in the permeation of the antifungal model substance bifonazole, depending on the dosage forms. Increasing the thickness of healthy membranes from 100 µm to 400 µm disproportionally reduced the permeated amount of bifonazole from the liquid and semisolid forms and allowed for a more pronounced assessment of the effects by excipients, such as urea as the permeation enhancer. Similarly, an infection of 400-µm membranes drastically increased the permeated amount. Therefore, the thickness and infection statuses of the membranes in the permeation experiments were essential for a differential readout, and standardized formulation-dependent experimental setups would be highly beneficial. MDPI 2021-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8707648/ /pubmed/34959379 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122098 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kappes, Sebastian
Faber, Thilo
Nelleßen, Lotta
Yesilkaya, Tanju
Bock, Udo
Lamprecht, Alf
Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection
title Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection
title_full Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection
title_fullStr Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection
title_full_unstemmed Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection
title_short Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection
title_sort improving transungual permeation study design by increased bovine hoof membrane thickness and subsequent infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959379
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122098
work_keys_str_mv AT kappessebastian improvingtransungualpermeationstudydesignbyincreasedbovinehoofmembranethicknessandsubsequentinfection
AT faberthilo improvingtransungualpermeationstudydesignbyincreasedbovinehoofmembranethicknessandsubsequentinfection
AT nelleßenlotta improvingtransungualpermeationstudydesignbyincreasedbovinehoofmembranethicknessandsubsequentinfection
AT yesilkayatanju improvingtransungualpermeationstudydesignbyincreasedbovinehoofmembranethicknessandsubsequentinfection
AT bockudo improvingtransungualpermeationstudydesignbyincreasedbovinehoofmembranethicknessandsubsequentinfection
AT lamprechtalf improvingtransungualpermeationstudydesignbyincreasedbovinehoofmembranethicknessandsubsequentinfection