The Effect of Smoking on Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing in Female

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a bad habit that affects both systemic and oral conditions. Nicotine in cigarettes reduces estrogen production that can alter salivary calcium levels. Nicotine also causes vasoconstriction of the gingival blood vessels and decreases gingival bleeding. Low dietary calcium int...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tjahajawati, Sri, Rafisa, Anggun, Lestari, Endah Ayu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Research Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34961818
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2221112

Internet

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34961818
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2221112

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