Offspring production of haploid spermatid-like cells derived from mouse female germline stem cells with chromatin condensation

BACKGROUND: During male meiosis, the Y chromosome can form perfect pairing with the X chromosome. However, it is unclear whether mammalian Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) without a Y chromosome can transdifferentiate into functional haploid spermatid-like cells (SLCs). RESULTS: We found that spermatogenesis was restarted by transplanting FGSCs into Kit(w/wv) mutant testes. Complete meiosis and formation of SLCs was induced in vitro by testicular cells of Kit(w/wv) mutant mice, cytokines and retinoic acid. Healthy offspring were produced by sperm and SLCs derived from the in vivo and in vitro transdifferentiation of FGSCs, respectively. Furthermore, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing(Hi-C-seq) and “bivalent” (H3K4me3-H3K27me3) micro chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (μChIP-seq) experiments showed that stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8)/protamine 1 (PRM1)-positive transdifferentiated germ cells (tGCs) and male germ cells (mGCs) display similar chromatin dynamics and chromatin condensation during in vitro spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that sperm can be produced from FGSCs without a Y chromosome. This suggests a strategy for dairy cattle breeding to produce only female offspring with a high-quality genetic background. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00697-z.