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Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
We aimed to analyze the association between dietary iron intake and obesity assessed by BMI after adjustment for nutrient intake (macronutrients and fiber) and food groups. The study design was cross-sectional. Patients with type-2 diabetes (n = 1567; 63.1% males; mean age 62.3 ± 11.6 years) were in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8747092/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010211 |
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author | Ferreira, Efrem d’Ávila Hatta, Mariko Takeda, Yasunaga Horikawa, Chika Takeuchi, Mizuki Kato, Noriko Yokoyama, Hiroki Kurihara, Yoshio Iwasaki, Koichi Fujihara, Kazuya Maegawa, Hiroshi Sone, Hirohito |
author_facet | Ferreira, Efrem d’Ávila Hatta, Mariko Takeda, Yasunaga Horikawa, Chika Takeuchi, Mizuki Kato, Noriko Yokoyama, Hiroki Kurihara, Yoshio Iwasaki, Koichi Fujihara, Kazuya Maegawa, Hiroshi Sone, Hirohito |
author_sort | Ferreira, Efrem d’Ávila |
collection | PubMed |
description | We aimed to analyze the association between dietary iron intake and obesity assessed by BMI after adjustment for nutrient intake (macronutrients and fiber) and food groups. The study design was cross-sectional. Patients with type-2 diabetes (n = 1567; 63.1% males; mean age 62.3 ± 11.6 years) were included in the study. To assess diet, consumption of typical food groups was determined by a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2). We performed a binary regression analysis between quartiles of iron intake and obesity by quartiles of age group. A direct linear association was found for the highest quartile of iron intake and obesity in the younger age group of 30 to 54 years (OR = 3.641, 95% CI = 1.020–12.990; p trend = 0.011). Multivariate analysis using food groups as opposed to nutrients revealed a positive trend for obesity in the younger age group after adjusting for lifestyle factors, energy intake and bean and vegetable intake (p trend = 0.023). In all participants, an inverse association was observed before adjustment by vegetable intake (OR = 0.453, 95% CI = 0.300–0.684; p trend = 0.001). Higher iron intake was associated with obesity independent of macronutrient and fiber intake but only in the youngest quartile of age group examined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8747092 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87470922022-01-11 Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Ferreira, Efrem d’Ávila Hatta, Mariko Takeda, Yasunaga Horikawa, Chika Takeuchi, Mizuki Kato, Noriko Yokoyama, Hiroki Kurihara, Yoshio Iwasaki, Koichi Fujihara, Kazuya Maegawa, Hiroshi Sone, Hirohito Nutrients Article We aimed to analyze the association between dietary iron intake and obesity assessed by BMI after adjustment for nutrient intake (macronutrients and fiber) and food groups. The study design was cross-sectional. Patients with type-2 diabetes (n = 1567; 63.1% males; mean age 62.3 ± 11.6 years) were included in the study. To assess diet, consumption of typical food groups was determined by a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2). We performed a binary regression analysis between quartiles of iron intake and obesity by quartiles of age group. A direct linear association was found for the highest quartile of iron intake and obesity in the younger age group of 30 to 54 years (OR = 3.641, 95% CI = 1.020–12.990; p trend = 0.011). Multivariate analysis using food groups as opposed to nutrients revealed a positive trend for obesity in the younger age group after adjusting for lifestyle factors, energy intake and bean and vegetable intake (p trend = 0.023). In all participants, an inverse association was observed before adjustment by vegetable intake (OR = 0.453, 95% CI = 0.300–0.684; p trend = 0.001). Higher iron intake was associated with obesity independent of macronutrient and fiber intake but only in the youngest quartile of age group examined. MDPI 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8747092/ /pubmed/35011086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010211 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ferreira, Efrem d’Ávila Hatta, Mariko Takeda, Yasunaga Horikawa, Chika Takeuchi, Mizuki Kato, Noriko Yokoyama, Hiroki Kurihara, Yoshio Iwasaki, Koichi Fujihara, Kazuya Maegawa, Hiroshi Sone, Hirohito Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
title | Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
title_full | Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
title_fullStr | Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
title_short | Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
title_sort | higher iron intake is independently associated with obesity in younger japanese type-2 diabetes mellitus patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8747092/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010211 |
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