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HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Pancreatic cancer progression involves interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in harsh tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Clinically, cancer cells overcome therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy and...

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Autores principales: Hamada, Shin, Matsumoto, Ryotaro, Masamune, Atsushi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35053572
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020411
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author Hamada, Shin
Matsumoto, Ryotaro
Masamune, Atsushi
author_facet Hamada, Shin
Matsumoto, Ryotaro
Masamune, Atsushi
author_sort Hamada, Shin
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Pancreatic cancer progression involves interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in harsh tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Clinically, cancer cells overcome therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to continue to survive. Activation of the adaptation mechanism is required for cancer cell survival under these conditions, and it also contributes to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. Stromal cells, especially pancreatic stellate cells, play a critical role in the formation of a cancer-promoting microenvironment. We here review the roles of key molecules, hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in stress response mechanisms for the adaptation to hypoxia and oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. Various cancer-promoting properties associated with these molecules have been identified, and they might serve as novel therapeutic targets in the future. ABSTRACT: Pancreatic cancer is intractable due to early progression and resistance to conventional therapy. Dense fibrotic stroma, known as desmoplasia, is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer, and develops through the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells. Dense stroma forms harsh tumor microenvironments characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Pancreatic cancer cells as well as pancreatic stellate cells survive in the harsh microenvironments through the altered expression of signaling molecules, transporters, and metabolic enzymes governed by various stress response mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, stress response mechanisms for hypoxia and oxidative stress, respectively, contribute to the aggressive behaviors of pancreatic cancer. These key molecules for stress response mechanisms are activated, both in pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic stellate cells. Both factors are involved in the mutual activation of cancer cells and stellate cells, by inducing cancer-promoting signals and their mediators. Therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are promising approaches for novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the roles of stress response mechanisms, focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting these molecules for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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spelling pubmed-87734752022-01-21 HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer Hamada, Shin Matsumoto, Ryotaro Masamune, Atsushi Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Pancreatic cancer progression involves interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in harsh tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Clinically, cancer cells overcome therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to continue to survive. Activation of the adaptation mechanism is required for cancer cell survival under these conditions, and it also contributes to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. Stromal cells, especially pancreatic stellate cells, play a critical role in the formation of a cancer-promoting microenvironment. We here review the roles of key molecules, hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in stress response mechanisms for the adaptation to hypoxia and oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. Various cancer-promoting properties associated with these molecules have been identified, and they might serve as novel therapeutic targets in the future. ABSTRACT: Pancreatic cancer is intractable due to early progression and resistance to conventional therapy. Dense fibrotic stroma, known as desmoplasia, is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer, and develops through the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells. Dense stroma forms harsh tumor microenvironments characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Pancreatic cancer cells as well as pancreatic stellate cells survive in the harsh microenvironments through the altered expression of signaling molecules, transporters, and metabolic enzymes governed by various stress response mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, stress response mechanisms for hypoxia and oxidative stress, respectively, contribute to the aggressive behaviors of pancreatic cancer. These key molecules for stress response mechanisms are activated, both in pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic stellate cells. Both factors are involved in the mutual activation of cancer cells and stellate cells, by inducing cancer-promoting signals and their mediators. Therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are promising approaches for novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the roles of stress response mechanisms, focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting these molecules for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. MDPI 2022-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8773475/ /pubmed/35053572 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020411 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hamada, Shin
Matsumoto, Ryotaro
Masamune, Atsushi
HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer
title HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer
title_full HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer
title_fullStr HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer
title_full_unstemmed HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer
title_short HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer
title_sort hif-1 and nrf2; key molecules for malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35053572
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020411
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