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Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes the release of exosomal PD-L1 from head and neck cancer cells and facilitates M2 macrophage polarization
BACKGROUND: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been found to foster the escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance and upregulate PD-L1 expression. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS: While analyzing the protein levels using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, the R...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35090495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12964-021-00810-2 |