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Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) is an enzyme encoded by the ITPA gene and functions to prevent the incorporation of noncanonical purine nucleotides into DNA and RNA. Specifically, the ITPase catalyzed the hydrolysis of (deoxy) nucleoside triphosphates ((d) NTPs) into the corresponding...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833965/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030384 |
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author | Zamzami, Mazin A. |
author_facet | Zamzami, Mazin A. |
author_sort | Zamzami, Mazin A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) is an enzyme encoded by the ITPA gene and functions to prevent the incorporation of noncanonical purine nucleotides into DNA and RNA. Specifically, the ITPase catalyzed the hydrolysis of (deoxy) nucleoside triphosphates ((d) NTPs) into the corresponding nucleoside monophosphate with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate. Recently, thiopurine drug metabolites such as azathioprine have been included in the lists of ITPase substrates. Interestingly, inosine or xanthosine triphosphate (ITP/XTP) and their deoxy analogs, deoxy inosine or xanthosine triphosphate (dITP/dXTP), are products of important biological reactions such as deamination that take place within the cellular compartments. However, the incorporation of ITP/XTP, dITP/dXTP, or the genetic deficiency or polymorphism of the ITPA gene have been implicated in many human diseases, including infantile epileptic encephalopathy, early onset of tuberculosis, and the responsiveness of patients to cancer therapy. This review provides an up-to-date report on the ITPase enzyme, including information regarding its discovery, analysis, and cellular localization, its implication in human diseases including cancer, and its therapeutic potential, amongst others. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8833965 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88339652022-02-12 Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies Zamzami, Mazin A. Cells Review Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) is an enzyme encoded by the ITPA gene and functions to prevent the incorporation of noncanonical purine nucleotides into DNA and RNA. Specifically, the ITPase catalyzed the hydrolysis of (deoxy) nucleoside triphosphates ((d) NTPs) into the corresponding nucleoside monophosphate with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate. Recently, thiopurine drug metabolites such as azathioprine have been included in the lists of ITPase substrates. Interestingly, inosine or xanthosine triphosphate (ITP/XTP) and their deoxy analogs, deoxy inosine or xanthosine triphosphate (dITP/dXTP), are products of important biological reactions such as deamination that take place within the cellular compartments. However, the incorporation of ITP/XTP, dITP/dXTP, or the genetic deficiency or polymorphism of the ITPA gene have been implicated in many human diseases, including infantile epileptic encephalopathy, early onset of tuberculosis, and the responsiveness of patients to cancer therapy. This review provides an up-to-date report on the ITPase enzyme, including information regarding its discovery, analysis, and cellular localization, its implication in human diseases including cancer, and its therapeutic potential, amongst others. MDPI 2022-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8833965/ /pubmed/35159194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030384 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zamzami, Mazin A. Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies |
title | Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies |
title_full | Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies |
title_fullStr | Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies |
title_full_unstemmed | Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies |
title_short | Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (ITPase): Functions, Mutations, Polymorphisms and Its Impact on Cancer Therapies |
title_sort | inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (itpase): functions, mutations, polymorphisms and its impact on cancer therapies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833965/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030384 |
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