Identification of new glycosidic terpenols and norisoprenoids (aroma precursors) in C. arabica L. green coffee by using a high-resolution mass spectrometry database developed in grape metabolomics

Grape aroma precursors have been extensively studied and many glycosidically-bound terpenols and C(13)-norisoprenoids were identified. Instead, these compounds were scarcely investigated in green Coffea arabica where just few glycosidic compounds were identified so far. By resorting to knowledge of glycoside aroma precursors in grape and the possibility to identify their structures using a high-resolution mass spectrometry database constructed for grape metabolomics, targeted investigation of glycoside precursors in green C. arabica from different geographical origins, was performed. High linalool hexose-pentose was found in all the investigated samples and hexosyl-pentoside derivatives of geraniol, linalooloxide and another linalool isomer, were identified. Moreover, two putative norisoprenoid glycosides were characterized. β-Damascenone was detected in the volatile fraction of the examined C. arabica coffees only after acid addition, however no signals of β-damascenone glycosides, were found. Findings suggests that this important aroma compound could form by hydrolysis and dehydration of a putative 3-hydroxy-β-damascone glycoside precursor identified for the first time in coffee. Aglycones released during the roasting process contribute to enrich the coffee aroma with their positive sensory notes and the identification of these glycosides can contribute to disclose the coffee biology including biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects.