COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) case series in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC)

The aim of this study was to describe the patient's characteristics and clinical course of CAPA and to investigate possible association of Dexamethasone with CAPA incidence. This is a retrospective descriptive study. All adult patients in GGC NHS with laboratory proven SARS-CoV-2 infection who subsequently had Aspergillus species isolated from their respiratory samples between 01/02/20 and 31/01/21were included. A total of 24 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria.79% of the cases were between October/2020-January/2021 coinciding with the second wave of COVID-19 and the increased use of steroids after the RECOVERY trial results. Based on the proposed screening and diagnostic algorithm for CAPA and Modified AspITU classification, 6 patients had likely/putative, and 2 patients had highly likely/probable CAPA, respectively. Based on the CAPA algorithm, for 11 patients CAPA was not excluded and 5 considered colonization. Based on Modified AspITU, 10 considered query Putative CAPA and 6 colonization. 13 patients were males. The median age was 62. 46% of patients had underlying lung disease, 20% had previous exposure to inhaled steroids, 8% to Methotrexate, 4% to each of systemic steroids and Rituximab. 79% of patients received Dexamethasone and 12.5% received Tocilizumab for COVID-19. 75% of patients were in ITU at time of first Aspergillus isolation. 67% of patients received antifungal for CAPA. CAPA remains an area of research. From our limited data, we observed an association between Dexamethasone use and incidence of CAPA. We also noticed a correlation between the number of samples with positive Aspergillus species culture from the same patient and the likelihood of CAPA diagnosis.