Sanguinarine promotes healthspan and innate immunity through a conserved mechanism of ROS-mediated PMK-1/SKN-1 activation

The longevity of an organism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. With respect to genetic factors, a significant effort is being made to identify pharmacological agents that extend lifespan by targeting pathways with a defined role in the aging process. Sanguinarine (San) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that exerts a broad spectrum of properties. In this study, we utilized Caenorhabditis elegans to examine the mechanisms by which sanguinarine influences aging and innate immunity. We find that 0.2 μM sanguinarine extends healthspan in C. elegans. We further show that sanguinarine generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is followed by the activation of PMK-1/SKN-1pathway to extend healthspan. Intriguingly, sanguinarine increases resistance to pathogens by reducing the bacterial burden in the intestine. In addition, we also find that sanguinarine enhances innate immunity through PMK-1/SKN-1 pathway. Our data suggest that sanguinarine may be a viable candidate for the treatment of age-related disorders.