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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology

Alport syndrome results from a myriad of variants in the COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes that encode type IV (basement membrane) collagens. Unlike type IV collagen α1(IV)(2)α2(IV)(1) heterotrimers, which are ubiquitous in basement membranes, α3/α4/α5 have a limited tissue distribution. The absence o...

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Autores principales: Cosgrove, Dominic, Madison, Jacob
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35223933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.846152
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author Cosgrove, Dominic
Madison, Jacob
author_facet Cosgrove, Dominic
Madison, Jacob
author_sort Cosgrove, Dominic
collection PubMed
description Alport syndrome results from a myriad of variants in the COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes that encode type IV (basement membrane) collagens. Unlike type IV collagen α1(IV)(2)α2(IV)(1) heterotrimers, which are ubiquitous in basement membranes, α3/α4/α5 have a limited tissue distribution. The absence of these basement membrane networks causes pathologies in some, but not all these tissues. Primarily the kidney glomerulus, the stria vascularis of the inner ear, the lens, and the retina as well as a rare link with aortic aneurisms. Defects in the glomerular basement membranes results in delayed onset and progressive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ultimately requiring the patient to undergo dialysis and if accessible, kidney transplant. The lifespan of patients with Alport syndrome is ultimately significantly shortened. This review addresses the consequences of the altered glomerular basement membrane composition in Alport syndrome with specific emphasis on the mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of glomerular pathology.
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spelling pubmed-88636742022-02-24 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology Cosgrove, Dominic Madison, Jacob Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Alport syndrome results from a myriad of variants in the COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes that encode type IV (basement membrane) collagens. Unlike type IV collagen α1(IV)(2)α2(IV)(1) heterotrimers, which are ubiquitous in basement membranes, α3/α4/α5 have a limited tissue distribution. The absence of these basement membrane networks causes pathologies in some, but not all these tissues. Primarily the kidney glomerulus, the stria vascularis of the inner ear, the lens, and the retina as well as a rare link with aortic aneurisms. Defects in the glomerular basement membranes results in delayed onset and progressive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ultimately requiring the patient to undergo dialysis and if accessible, kidney transplant. The lifespan of patients with Alport syndrome is ultimately significantly shortened. This review addresses the consequences of the altered glomerular basement membrane composition in Alport syndrome with specific emphasis on the mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of glomerular pathology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8863674/ /pubmed/35223933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.846152 Text en Copyright © 2022 Cosgrove and Madison. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Cosgrove, Dominic
Madison, Jacob
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology
title Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology
title_full Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology
title_fullStr Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology
title_full_unstemmed Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology
title_short Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Initiation and Progression of Alport Glomerular Pathology
title_sort molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of alport glomerular pathology
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35223933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.846152
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