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Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss
Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are paramount in the host immunity by providing defense against invading pathogens. Multigene families related to the immune system usually show that the duplicated genes can either undergo deletion, gain new functions, or become non-functional. Here, we show that i...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863968/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.752186 |
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author | Côrte-Real, João Vasco Baldauf, Hanna-Mari Melo-Ferreira, José Abrantes, Joana Esteves, Pedro José |
author_facet | Côrte-Real, João Vasco Baldauf, Hanna-Mari Melo-Ferreira, José Abrantes, Joana Esteves, Pedro José |
author_sort | Côrte-Real, João Vasco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are paramount in the host immunity by providing defense against invading pathogens. Multigene families related to the immune system usually show that the duplicated genes can either undergo deletion, gain new functions, or become non-functional. Here, we show that in muroids, the Gbp genes followed an unusual pattern of gain and loss of genes. Muroids present a high diversity and plasticity regarding Gbp synteny, with most species presenting two Gbp gene clusters. The phylogenetic analyses revealed seven different Gbps groups. Three of them clustered with GBP2, GBP5 and GBP6 of primates. Four new Gbp genes that appear to be exclusive to muroids were identified as Gbpa, b, c and d. A duplication event occurred in the Gbpa group in the common ancestor of Muridae and Cricetidae (~20 Mya), but both copies were deleted from the genome of Mus musculus, M. caroli and Cricetulus griseus. The Gbpb gene emerged in the ancestor of Muridae and Cricetidae and evolved independently originating Gbpb1 in Muridae, Gbpb2 and Gbpb3 in Cricetidae. Since Gbpc appears only in three species, we hypothesize that it was present in the common ancestor and deleted from most muroid genomes. The second Gbp gene cluster, Gbp6, is widespread across all muroids, indicating that this cluster emerged before the Muridae and Cricetidae radiation. An expansion of Gbp6 occurred in M. musculus and M. caroli probably to compensate the loss of Gbpa and b. Gbpd is divided in three groups and is present in most muroids suggesting that a duplication event occurred in the common ancestor of Muridae and Cricetidae. However, in Grammomys surdaster and Mus caroli, Gbpd2 is absent, and in Arvicanthis niloticus, Gbpd1 appears to have been deleted. Our results further demonstrated that primate GBP1, GBP3 and GBP7 are absent from the genome of muroids and showed that the Gbp gene annotations in muroids were incorrect. We propose a new classification based on the phylogenetic analyses and the divergence between the groups. Extrapolations to humans based on functional studies of muroid Gbps should be re-evaluated. The evolutionary analyses of muroid Gbp genes provided new insights about the evolution and function of these genes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8863968 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88639682022-02-24 Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss Côrte-Real, João Vasco Baldauf, Hanna-Mari Melo-Ferreira, José Abrantes, Joana Esteves, Pedro José Front Immunol Immunology Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are paramount in the host immunity by providing defense against invading pathogens. Multigene families related to the immune system usually show that the duplicated genes can either undergo deletion, gain new functions, or become non-functional. Here, we show that in muroids, the Gbp genes followed an unusual pattern of gain and loss of genes. Muroids present a high diversity and plasticity regarding Gbp synteny, with most species presenting two Gbp gene clusters. The phylogenetic analyses revealed seven different Gbps groups. Three of them clustered with GBP2, GBP5 and GBP6 of primates. Four new Gbp genes that appear to be exclusive to muroids were identified as Gbpa, b, c and d. A duplication event occurred in the Gbpa group in the common ancestor of Muridae and Cricetidae (~20 Mya), but both copies were deleted from the genome of Mus musculus, M. caroli and Cricetulus griseus. The Gbpb gene emerged in the ancestor of Muridae and Cricetidae and evolved independently originating Gbpb1 in Muridae, Gbpb2 and Gbpb3 in Cricetidae. Since Gbpc appears only in three species, we hypothesize that it was present in the common ancestor and deleted from most muroid genomes. The second Gbp gene cluster, Gbp6, is widespread across all muroids, indicating that this cluster emerged before the Muridae and Cricetidae radiation. An expansion of Gbp6 occurred in M. musculus and M. caroli probably to compensate the loss of Gbpa and b. Gbpd is divided in three groups and is present in most muroids suggesting that a duplication event occurred in the common ancestor of Muridae and Cricetidae. However, in Grammomys surdaster and Mus caroli, Gbpd2 is absent, and in Arvicanthis niloticus, Gbpd1 appears to have been deleted. Our results further demonstrated that primate GBP1, GBP3 and GBP7 are absent from the genome of muroids and showed that the Gbp gene annotations in muroids were incorrect. We propose a new classification based on the phylogenetic analyses and the divergence between the groups. Extrapolations to humans based on functional studies of muroid Gbps should be re-evaluated. The evolutionary analyses of muroid Gbp genes provided new insights about the evolution and function of these genes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8863968/ /pubmed/35222365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.752186 Text en Copyright © 2022 Côrte-Real, Baldauf, Melo-Ferreira, Abrantes and Esteves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Côrte-Real, João Vasco Baldauf, Hanna-Mari Melo-Ferreira, José Abrantes, Joana Esteves, Pedro José Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss |
title | Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss |
title_full | Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss |
title_fullStr | Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss |
title_short | Evolution of Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) Genes in Muroid Rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) Reveals an Outstanding Pattern of Gain and Loss |
title_sort | evolution of guanylate binding protein (gbp) genes in muroid rodents (muridae and cricetidae) reveals an outstanding pattern of gain and loss |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863968/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.752186 |
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