Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay

The cranial nerves, which represent extensions of the functional structures of the brain, traverse the head and neck. They are connected to various cranial structures and are associated with several diseases. An in-depth understanding of their complex anatomy and normal imaging appearance allows the...

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Autores principales: Dalaqua, Mariana, do Nascimento, Felipe Barjud Pereira, Miura, Larissa Kaori, Garcia, Marcio Ricardo Taveira, Barbosa Junior, Alcino Alves, Reis, Fabiano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8864690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35210663
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0042
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author Dalaqua, Mariana
do Nascimento, Felipe Barjud Pereira
Miura, Larissa Kaori
Garcia, Marcio Ricardo Taveira
Barbosa Junior, Alcino Alves
Reis, Fabiano
author_facet Dalaqua, Mariana
do Nascimento, Felipe Barjud Pereira
Miura, Larissa Kaori
Garcia, Marcio Ricardo Taveira
Barbosa Junior, Alcino Alves
Reis, Fabiano
author_sort Dalaqua, Mariana
collection PubMed
description The cranial nerves, which represent extensions of the functional structures of the brain, traverse the head and neck. They are connected to various cranial structures and are associated with several diseases. An in-depth understanding of their complex anatomy and normal imaging appearance allows the examiner to identify and characterize abnormalities with greater precision. One important tool for evaluating the cranial nerves is contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, especially that employing three-dimensional steady-state free precession sequences, which provide high soft-tissue and spatial resolution, despite the slen-derness of the nerves. In most cases of cranial nerve abnormalities, the imaging findings are nonspecific. Therefore, to narrow the differential diagnosis, it is necessary to take a full patient history, perform a focused physical examination, and order laboratory tests. In this pictorial essay, we review, illustrate, and discuss, from a pathophysiological perspective, infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating disorders, as well as other inflammatory disorders, affecting the cranial nerves, the aim being to provide a practical, tangible reference for radiologists to use in daily practice.
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spelling pubmed-88646902022-02-23 Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay Dalaqua, Mariana do Nascimento, Felipe Barjud Pereira Miura, Larissa Kaori Garcia, Marcio Ricardo Taveira Barbosa Junior, Alcino Alves Reis, Fabiano Radiol Bras Pictorial Essay The cranial nerves, which represent extensions of the functional structures of the brain, traverse the head and neck. They are connected to various cranial structures and are associated with several diseases. An in-depth understanding of their complex anatomy and normal imaging appearance allows the examiner to identify and characterize abnormalities with greater precision. One important tool for evaluating the cranial nerves is contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, especially that employing three-dimensional steady-state free precession sequences, which provide high soft-tissue and spatial resolution, despite the slen-derness of the nerves. In most cases of cranial nerve abnormalities, the imaging findings are nonspecific. Therefore, to narrow the differential diagnosis, it is necessary to take a full patient history, perform a focused physical examination, and order laboratory tests. In this pictorial essay, we review, illustrate, and discuss, from a pathophysiological perspective, infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating disorders, as well as other inflammatory disorders, affecting the cranial nerves, the aim being to provide a practical, tangible reference for radiologists to use in daily practice. Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8864690/ /pubmed/35210663 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0042 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Pictorial Essay
Dalaqua, Mariana
do Nascimento, Felipe Barjud Pereira
Miura, Larissa Kaori
Garcia, Marcio Ricardo Taveira
Barbosa Junior, Alcino Alves
Reis, Fabiano
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
title Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
title_full Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
title_fullStr Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
title_full_unstemmed Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
title_short Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
title_sort magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay
topic Pictorial Essay
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8864690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35210663
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0042
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