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Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herb...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35202113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020085 |
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author | Kamle, Madhu Mahato, Dipendra Kumar Gupta, Akansha Pandhi, Shikha Sharma, Nitya Sharma, Bharti Mishra, Sadhna Arora, Shalini Selvakumar, Raman Saurabh, Vivek Dhakane-Lad, Jyoti Kumar, Manoj Barua, Sreejani Kumar, Arvind Gamlath, Shirani Kumar, Pradeep |
author_facet | Kamle, Madhu Mahato, Dipendra Kumar Gupta, Akansha Pandhi, Shikha Sharma, Nitya Sharma, Bharti Mishra, Sadhna Arora, Shalini Selvakumar, Raman Saurabh, Vivek Dhakane-Lad, Jyoti Kumar, Manoj Barua, Sreejani Kumar, Arvind Gamlath, Shirani Kumar, Pradeep |
author_sort | Kamle, Madhu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8874403 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88744032022-02-26 Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies Kamle, Madhu Mahato, Dipendra Kumar Gupta, Akansha Pandhi, Shikha Sharma, Nitya Sharma, Bharti Mishra, Sadhna Arora, Shalini Selvakumar, Raman Saurabh, Vivek Dhakane-Lad, Jyoti Kumar, Manoj Barua, Sreejani Kumar, Arvind Gamlath, Shirani Kumar, Pradeep Toxins (Basel) Review Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. MDPI 2022-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8874403/ /pubmed/35202113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020085 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kamle, Madhu Mahato, Dipendra Kumar Gupta, Akansha Pandhi, Shikha Sharma, Nitya Sharma, Bharti Mishra, Sadhna Arora, Shalini Selvakumar, Raman Saurabh, Vivek Dhakane-Lad, Jyoti Kumar, Manoj Barua, Sreejani Kumar, Arvind Gamlath, Shirani Kumar, Pradeep Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies |
title | Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies |
title_full | Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies |
title_fullStr | Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed | Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies |
title_short | Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies |
title_sort | citrinin mycotoxin contamination in food and feed: impact on agriculture, human health, and detection and management strategies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35202113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020085 |
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