Cargando…
Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are associated with cardiac toxicity, which may be caused by mitochondrial toxicity. The underlying mechanisms are currently unclear and require further investigation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate in more detail the role of the enzyme complexes of t...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8878993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35216404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042282 |
_version_ | 1784658792341831680 |
---|---|
author | Bouitbir, Jamal Panajatovic, Miljenko V. Krähenbühl, Stephan |
author_facet | Bouitbir, Jamal Panajatovic, Miljenko V. Krähenbühl, Stephan |
author_sort | Bouitbir, Jamal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are associated with cardiac toxicity, which may be caused by mitochondrial toxicity. The underlying mechanisms are currently unclear and require further investigation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate in more detail the role of the enzyme complexes of the electron transfer system (ETS), mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mechanisms of cell death in cardiac toxicity associated with imatinib and sorafenib. Cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells were exposed to imatinib and sorafenib (1 to 100 µM) for 24 h. Permeabilized rat cardiac fibers were treated with both drugs for 15 min. H9c2 cells exposed to sorafenib for 24 h showed a higher membrane toxicity and ATP depletion in the presence of galactose (favoring mitochondrial metabolism) compared to glucose (favoring glycolysis) but not when exposed to imatinib. Both TKIs resulted in a higher dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential in galactose compared to glucose media. Imatinib inhibited Complex I (CI)- and CIII- linked respiration under both conditions. Sorafenib impaired CI-, CII-, and CIII-linked respiration in H9c2 cells cultured with glucose, whereas it inhibited all ETS complexes with galactose. In permeabilized rat cardiac myofibers, acute exposure to imatinib and sorafenib decreased CI- and CIV-linked respiration in the presence of the drugs. Electron microscopy showed enlarged mitochondria with disorganized cristae. In addition, both TKIs caused mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and decreased the cellular GSH pool. Both TKIs induced caspase 3/7 activation, suggesting apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death. Imatinib and sorafenib impaired the function of cardiac mitochondria in isolated rat cardiac fibers and in H9c2 cells at plasma concentrations reached in humans. Both imatinib and sorafenib impaired the function of enzyme complexes of the ETS, which was associated with mitochondrial ROS accumulation and cell death by apoptosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8878993 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88789932022-02-26 Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line Bouitbir, Jamal Panajatovic, Miljenko V. Krähenbühl, Stephan Int J Mol Sci Article Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are associated with cardiac toxicity, which may be caused by mitochondrial toxicity. The underlying mechanisms are currently unclear and require further investigation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate in more detail the role of the enzyme complexes of the electron transfer system (ETS), mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mechanisms of cell death in cardiac toxicity associated with imatinib and sorafenib. Cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells were exposed to imatinib and sorafenib (1 to 100 µM) for 24 h. Permeabilized rat cardiac fibers were treated with both drugs for 15 min. H9c2 cells exposed to sorafenib for 24 h showed a higher membrane toxicity and ATP depletion in the presence of galactose (favoring mitochondrial metabolism) compared to glucose (favoring glycolysis) but not when exposed to imatinib. Both TKIs resulted in a higher dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential in galactose compared to glucose media. Imatinib inhibited Complex I (CI)- and CIII- linked respiration under both conditions. Sorafenib impaired CI-, CII-, and CIII-linked respiration in H9c2 cells cultured with glucose, whereas it inhibited all ETS complexes with galactose. In permeabilized rat cardiac myofibers, acute exposure to imatinib and sorafenib decreased CI- and CIV-linked respiration in the presence of the drugs. Electron microscopy showed enlarged mitochondria with disorganized cristae. In addition, both TKIs caused mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and decreased the cellular GSH pool. Both TKIs induced caspase 3/7 activation, suggesting apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death. Imatinib and sorafenib impaired the function of cardiac mitochondria in isolated rat cardiac fibers and in H9c2 cells at plasma concentrations reached in humans. Both imatinib and sorafenib impaired the function of enzyme complexes of the ETS, which was associated with mitochondrial ROS accumulation and cell death by apoptosis. MDPI 2022-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8878993/ /pubmed/35216404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042282 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bouitbir, Jamal Panajatovic, Miljenko V. Krähenbühl, Stephan Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line |
title | Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line |
title_full | Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line |
title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line |
title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line |
title_short | Mitochondrial Toxicity Associated with Imatinib and Sorafenib in Isolated Rat Heart Fibers and the Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cell Line |
title_sort | mitochondrial toxicity associated with imatinib and sorafenib in isolated rat heart fibers and the cardiomyoblast h9c2 cell line |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8878993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35216404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042282 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bouitbirjamal mitochondrialtoxicityassociatedwithimatinibandsorafenibinisolatedratheartfibersandthecardiomyoblasth9c2cellline AT panajatovicmiljenkov mitochondrialtoxicityassociatedwithimatinibandsorafenibinisolatedratheartfibersandthecardiomyoblasth9c2cellline AT krahenbuhlstephan mitochondrialtoxicityassociatedwithimatinibandsorafenibinisolatedratheartfibersandthecardiomyoblasth9c2cellline |