Cargando…
Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29
Aloe vera products, both in food and cosmetics, are becoming increasingly popular due to their claimed beneficial effects, which are mainly attributed to the active compound acemannan. Usually, these end products are based on powdered starting materials. High temperatures during the drying process t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050745 |
_version_ | 1784666157329940480 |
---|---|
author | López, Zaira Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Femenia, Antoni Acevedo-Hernández, Gustavo J. Godínez Flores, Jaime A. Cano, M. Eduardo Knauth, Peter |
author_facet | López, Zaira Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Femenia, Antoni Acevedo-Hernández, Gustavo J. Godínez Flores, Jaime A. Cano, M. Eduardo Knauth, Peter |
author_sort | López, Zaira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aloe vera products, both in food and cosmetics, are becoming increasingly popular due to their claimed beneficial effects, which are mainly attributed to the active compound acemannan. Usually, these end products are based on powdered starting materials. High temperatures during the drying process to obtain the starting materials have several advantages, like shortening the drying time, eliminating toxic aloin and reducing bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, there are two major drawbacks: first, at temperatures of 80 °C or higher, structural changes in acemannan, especially its deacetylation (>46%), are triggered, which does not happen at lower temperatures (14% at 60 °C); secondly, a toxic principle is formed at higher temperatures, resulting in a higher cytotoxicity. Thus, two temperature-dependent but opposing effects cause with a median cytotoxic concentration of CC(50) = 0.4× a peak of cytotoxicity at 80 °C; at 60 °C this cytotoxic substance is not formed and at 100 °C aloin is more readily eliminated, resulting in a CC(50) = 1.1× and CC(50) = 1.4×, respectively. The cytotoxic substance generated by dry heat at 80 °C is not a modified polysaccharide because its polysaccharide-enriched alcohol-insoluble fraction is with CC(50) = 0.9× less cytotoxic. Moreover, this substance is polar enough to be washed away with ethanol. Additionally, when Aloe gel is heated at 80 °C under humid conditions (pasteurization), the cytotoxicity does not increase (CC(50) = 1.6×). Finally, to produce powdered starting materials from Aloe gel, it is recommended to use temperatures of around 60 °C in order to preserve the acemannan structure (and thus biological activity) and the low cytotoxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8909460 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89094602022-03-11 Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 López, Zaira Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Femenia, Antoni Acevedo-Hernández, Gustavo J. Godínez Flores, Jaime A. Cano, M. Eduardo Knauth, Peter Foods Article Aloe vera products, both in food and cosmetics, are becoming increasingly popular due to their claimed beneficial effects, which are mainly attributed to the active compound acemannan. Usually, these end products are based on powdered starting materials. High temperatures during the drying process to obtain the starting materials have several advantages, like shortening the drying time, eliminating toxic aloin and reducing bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, there are two major drawbacks: first, at temperatures of 80 °C or higher, structural changes in acemannan, especially its deacetylation (>46%), are triggered, which does not happen at lower temperatures (14% at 60 °C); secondly, a toxic principle is formed at higher temperatures, resulting in a higher cytotoxicity. Thus, two temperature-dependent but opposing effects cause with a median cytotoxic concentration of CC(50) = 0.4× a peak of cytotoxicity at 80 °C; at 60 °C this cytotoxic substance is not formed and at 100 °C aloin is more readily eliminated, resulting in a CC(50) = 1.1× and CC(50) = 1.4×, respectively. The cytotoxic substance generated by dry heat at 80 °C is not a modified polysaccharide because its polysaccharide-enriched alcohol-insoluble fraction is with CC(50) = 0.9× less cytotoxic. Moreover, this substance is polar enough to be washed away with ethanol. Additionally, when Aloe gel is heated at 80 °C under humid conditions (pasteurization), the cytotoxicity does not increase (CC(50) = 1.6×). Finally, to produce powdered starting materials from Aloe gel, it is recommended to use temperatures of around 60 °C in order to preserve the acemannan structure (and thus biological activity) and the low cytotoxicity. MDPI 2022-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8909460/ /pubmed/35267378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050745 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article López, Zaira Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Femenia, Antoni Acevedo-Hernández, Gustavo J. Godínez Flores, Jaime A. Cano, M. Eduardo Knauth, Peter Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 |
title | Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 |
title_full | Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 |
title_fullStr | Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 |
title_full_unstemmed | Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 |
title_short | Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29 |
title_sort | dry but not humid thermal processing of aloe vera gel promotes cytotoxicity on human intestinal cells ht-29 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050745 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lopezzaira drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 AT salazarzunigamichellen drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 AT femeniaantoni drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 AT acevedohernandezgustavoj drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 AT godinezfloresjaimea drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 AT canomeduardo drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 AT knauthpeter drybutnothumidthermalprocessingofaloeveragelpromotescytotoxicityonhumanintestinalcellsht29 |