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Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction

To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Martić, Nikola, Zahorec, Jana, Stilinović, Nebojša, Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana, Pavlić, Branimir, Kladar, Nebojša, Šoronja-Simović, Dragana, Šereš, Zita, Vujčić, Miodrag, Horvat, Olga, Rašković, Aleksandar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336031
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657
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author Martić, Nikola
Zahorec, Jana
Stilinović, Nebojša
Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana
Pavlić, Branimir
Kladar, Nebojša
Šoronja-Simović, Dragana
Šereš, Zita
Vujčić, Miodrag
Horvat, Olga
Rašković, Aleksandar
author_facet Martić, Nikola
Zahorec, Jana
Stilinović, Nebojša
Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana
Pavlić, Branimir
Kladar, Nebojša
Šoronja-Simović, Dragana
Šereš, Zita
Vujčić, Miodrag
Horvat, Olga
Rašković, Aleksandar
author_sort Martić, Nikola
collection PubMed
description To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp flour extract was evaluated. The strongest influence was that of the ethanol concentration, followed by extraction time. Optimal process parameters for maximizing total antioxidant activity were determined, using response surface methodology: ethanol concentration 40%, time 25 min and power 800 W. Carob extract obtained at optimal conditions (CE) was analyzed in vivo using a paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in mice. Treatment with CE attenuated the parameters of liver injury, especially aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, and prevented paracetamol-induced increase in malondialdehyde levels. Pretreatment with CE reversed the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes after the high dose of paracetamol in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced using a toxic dose of paracetamol was also seen through histopathological alterations, which were significantly reduced in the groups treated with CE prior to paracetamol. Still, the number of Kupffer cells and macrophages did not differ among groups. Finally, pretreatment of mice with CE and paracetamol significantly decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in hepatocytes.
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spelling pubmed-89509392022-03-26 Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction Martić, Nikola Zahorec, Jana Stilinović, Nebojša Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana Pavlić, Branimir Kladar, Nebojša Šoronja-Simović, Dragana Šereš, Zita Vujčić, Miodrag Horvat, Olga Rašković, Aleksandar Pharmaceutics Article To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp flour extract was evaluated. The strongest influence was that of the ethanol concentration, followed by extraction time. Optimal process parameters for maximizing total antioxidant activity were determined, using response surface methodology: ethanol concentration 40%, time 25 min and power 800 W. Carob extract obtained at optimal conditions (CE) was analyzed in vivo using a paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in mice. Treatment with CE attenuated the parameters of liver injury, especially aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, and prevented paracetamol-induced increase in malondialdehyde levels. Pretreatment with CE reversed the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes after the high dose of paracetamol in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced using a toxic dose of paracetamol was also seen through histopathological alterations, which were significantly reduced in the groups treated with CE prior to paracetamol. Still, the number of Kupffer cells and macrophages did not differ among groups. Finally, pretreatment of mice with CE and paracetamol significantly decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in hepatocytes. MDPI 2022-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8950939/ /pubmed/35336031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Martić, Nikola
Zahorec, Jana
Stilinović, Nebojša
Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana
Pavlić, Branimir
Kladar, Nebojša
Šoronja-Simović, Dragana
Šereš, Zita
Vujčić, Miodrag
Horvat, Olga
Rašković, Aleksandar
Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_full Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_fullStr Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_full_unstemmed Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_short Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_sort hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour (ceratonia siliqua l.) extract obtained by optimized microwave-assisted extraction
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336031
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657
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