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Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction
To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657 |
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author | Martić, Nikola Zahorec, Jana Stilinović, Nebojša Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana Pavlić, Branimir Kladar, Nebojša Šoronja-Simović, Dragana Šereš, Zita Vujčić, Miodrag Horvat, Olga Rašković, Aleksandar |
author_facet | Martić, Nikola Zahorec, Jana Stilinović, Nebojša Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana Pavlić, Branimir Kladar, Nebojša Šoronja-Simović, Dragana Šereš, Zita Vujčić, Miodrag Horvat, Olga Rašković, Aleksandar |
author_sort | Martić, Nikola |
collection | PubMed |
description | To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp flour extract was evaluated. The strongest influence was that of the ethanol concentration, followed by extraction time. Optimal process parameters for maximizing total antioxidant activity were determined, using response surface methodology: ethanol concentration 40%, time 25 min and power 800 W. Carob extract obtained at optimal conditions (CE) was analyzed in vivo using a paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in mice. Treatment with CE attenuated the parameters of liver injury, especially aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, and prevented paracetamol-induced increase in malondialdehyde levels. Pretreatment with CE reversed the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes after the high dose of paracetamol in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced using a toxic dose of paracetamol was also seen through histopathological alterations, which were significantly reduced in the groups treated with CE prior to paracetamol. Still, the number of Kupffer cells and macrophages did not differ among groups. Finally, pretreatment of mice with CE and paracetamol significantly decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in hepatocytes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8950939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89509392022-03-26 Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction Martić, Nikola Zahorec, Jana Stilinović, Nebojša Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana Pavlić, Branimir Kladar, Nebojša Šoronja-Simović, Dragana Šereš, Zita Vujčić, Miodrag Horvat, Olga Rašković, Aleksandar Pharmaceutics Article To examine antioxidant capacity and the hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour, microwave-assisted extraction was performed. The influence of ethanol concentration (0–40% w/w), extraction time (5–25 min) and irradiation power (400–800 W) on DPPH, FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activity of carob pulp flour extract was evaluated. The strongest influence was that of the ethanol concentration, followed by extraction time. Optimal process parameters for maximizing total antioxidant activity were determined, using response surface methodology: ethanol concentration 40%, time 25 min and power 800 W. Carob extract obtained at optimal conditions (CE) was analyzed in vivo using a paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in mice. Treatment with CE attenuated the parameters of liver injury, especially aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, and prevented paracetamol-induced increase in malondialdehyde levels. Pretreatment with CE reversed the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes after the high dose of paracetamol in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced using a toxic dose of paracetamol was also seen through histopathological alterations, which were significantly reduced in the groups treated with CE prior to paracetamol. Still, the number of Kupffer cells and macrophages did not differ among groups. Finally, pretreatment of mice with CE and paracetamol significantly decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in hepatocytes. MDPI 2022-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8950939/ /pubmed/35336031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Martić, Nikola Zahorec, Jana Stilinović, Nebojša Andrejić-Višnjić, Bojana Pavlić, Branimir Kladar, Nebojša Šoronja-Simović, Dragana Šereš, Zita Vujčić, Miodrag Horvat, Olga Rašković, Aleksandar Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
title | Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
title_full | Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
title_fullStr | Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
title_full_unstemmed | Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
title_short | Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pulp Flour (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Extract Obtained by Optimized Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
title_sort | hepatoprotective effect of carob pulp flour (ceratonia siliqua l.) extract obtained by optimized microwave-assisted extraction |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030657 |
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