Cargando…

The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: The number of publications for most common drug violations in racehorses is limited. This study reports the most common medication violations in racehorses at four major racetracks in Louisiana between 2016 and 2020. METHODS: During this 5‐year period, 27,237 blood samples a...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Waller, Pamela, Lomnicka, Izabela, Lucas, Cam, Johnson, Sara, Dirikolu, Levent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34989156
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.724
_version_ 1784677110506323968
author Waller, Pamela
Lomnicka, Izabela
Lucas, Cam
Johnson, Sara
Dirikolu, Levent
author_facet Waller, Pamela
Lomnicka, Izabela
Lucas, Cam
Johnson, Sara
Dirikolu, Levent
author_sort Waller, Pamela
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: The number of publications for most common drug violations in racehorses is limited. This study reports the most common medication violations in racehorses at four major racetracks in Louisiana between 2016 and 2020. METHODS: During this 5‐year period, 27,237 blood samples and 25,672 urine samples collected during the course of normal race meeting activities were analysed by initial screening procedure utilizing Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Following initial screening, suspect samples were subject to quantitative or semi‐ quantitative confirmation analysis by LC‐MS/MS. RESULTS: The total number of violations reported was 534 (1.01% of the total number of specimens analysed). The total number of violations reported in Thoroughbred horses was 210 while the total number of violations reported in Quarter Horses was 324. The percentage of total violations was %0.59 for all the specimens analysed in Thoroughbred horses while this percentage was %1.9 for all the specimens analysed in Quarter Horses during this 5‐year period. The most frequent violations included the overages (concentrations of permitted medications equal to or exceeding the set threshold) of clenbuterol (165 violations), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as phenylbutazone (73 violations), combination of phenylbutazone with flunixin (45 violations) and muscle relaxant methocarbamol (40 violations). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The total number of violations were relatively low during 5‐year period, but wide varieties of medications with different pharmacological actions were confirmed in performance horses in Louisiana. The most frequently reported violations in Louisiana were for permitted therapeutic medications (clenbuterol, phenylbutazone, flunixin methocarbamol) with established threshold and/or withdrawal guidelines in racehorses.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8959255
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89592552022-03-29 The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020 Waller, Pamela Lomnicka, Izabela Lucas, Cam Johnson, Sara Dirikolu, Levent Vet Med Sci EQUINE INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: The number of publications for most common drug violations in racehorses is limited. This study reports the most common medication violations in racehorses at four major racetracks in Louisiana between 2016 and 2020. METHODS: During this 5‐year period, 27,237 blood samples and 25,672 urine samples collected during the course of normal race meeting activities were analysed by initial screening procedure utilizing Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Following initial screening, suspect samples were subject to quantitative or semi‐ quantitative confirmation analysis by LC‐MS/MS. RESULTS: The total number of violations reported was 534 (1.01% of the total number of specimens analysed). The total number of violations reported in Thoroughbred horses was 210 while the total number of violations reported in Quarter Horses was 324. The percentage of total violations was %0.59 for all the specimens analysed in Thoroughbred horses while this percentage was %1.9 for all the specimens analysed in Quarter Horses during this 5‐year period. The most frequent violations included the overages (concentrations of permitted medications equal to or exceeding the set threshold) of clenbuterol (165 violations), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as phenylbutazone (73 violations), combination of phenylbutazone with flunixin (45 violations) and muscle relaxant methocarbamol (40 violations). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The total number of violations were relatively low during 5‐year period, but wide varieties of medications with different pharmacological actions were confirmed in performance horses in Louisiana. The most frequently reported violations in Louisiana were for permitted therapeutic medications (clenbuterol, phenylbutazone, flunixin methocarbamol) with established threshold and/or withdrawal guidelines in racehorses. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8959255/ /pubmed/34989156 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.724 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle EQUINE
Waller, Pamela
Lomnicka, Izabela
Lucas, Cam
Johnson, Sara
Dirikolu, Levent
The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
title The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
title_full The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
title_fullStr The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
title_short The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
title_sort medication violations in racehorses at louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
topic EQUINE
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34989156
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.724
work_keys_str_mv AT wallerpamela themedicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT lomnickaizabela themedicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT lucascam themedicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT johnsonsara themedicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT dirikolulevent themedicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT wallerpamela medicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT lomnickaizabela medicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT lucascam medicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT johnsonsara medicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020
AT dirikolulevent medicationviolationsinracehorsesatlouisianaracetracksfrom2016to2020