Natural diversity in phenolic components and antioxidant properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions, grown under the same conditions

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a rich source of biologically active components such as phenolic compounds. Here, seven pot grown O. vulgare accessions belonging to three subspecies (subsp. virens, subsp. vulgare and subsp. gracile) were investigated for their content in sixteen bioactive phenolic compounds as well as their antioxidant capacities (DPPH(•) and FRAP tests), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in order to identify the most suitable ones on an industrial level. HPLC analyses showed that rosmarinic acid (659.6–1646.9 mg/100 g DW) was by far the most abundant constituent, followed by luteolin (46.5–345.4 mg/100 g DW), chicoric acid (36.3–212.5 mg/100 g DW), coumarin (65.7–193.9 mg/100 g DW) and quercetin (10.6–106.1 mg/100 g DW), with variability in concentration depending on the accession and subspecies. The highest level of rosmarinic acid and TPC was obtained from Ardabil accession (subsp. virens). There was a significant and positive correlation between rosmarinic acid and antioxidant activity (r = 0.46). TFC significantly correlated to TPC (r = 0.57) as well as to chicoric acid (r = 0.73). Cluster (CA) and principal component (PCA) analyses classified the investigated accessions in three different groups. Such natural variabilities in phenolics provide the possibility of using elite plants for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries and domestication of highly antioxidative accessions of oregano.