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Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey
A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed for the simultaneous quantification of markers representing two potentially competing pathways, the Maillard reaction and the dehydroalanine pathway. The two pathways involve the same residues...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406984 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070897 |
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author | Nielsen, Søren D. Knudsen, Lotte J. Bækgaard, Line T. Rauh, Valentin Larsen, Lotte B. |
author_facet | Nielsen, Søren D. Knudsen, Lotte J. Bækgaard, Line T. Rauh, Valentin Larsen, Lotte B. |
author_sort | Nielsen, Søren D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed for the simultaneous quantification of markers representing two potentially competing pathways, the Maillard reaction and the dehydroalanine pathway. The two pathways involve the same residues in the proteins to some extent, namely, the essential amino acid lysine, as well as free-amino terminals available on proteins and polypeptides, competition between the two pathways in food systems may occur. The developed method comprises the following markers of the Maillard reaction: furosine, N-ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and N-ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), together with the dehydroalanine reaction pathway markers; lanthionine (LAN) and lysinoalanine (LAL), as well as lysine itself. The validated method was then used for the absolute quantification of heat-induced protein modifications in model systems of micellar casein and whey protein isolates (MCI and WPI, respectively) in the presence or absence of lactose. As expected, the Maillard reaction markers furosine, CEL and CML increased during the applied heat treatment in the presence of lactose, whereas the dehydroalanine markers, LAN and LAL increased with heating in both MCI and WPI, both in the presence and absence of lactose, although at lower levels in the presence of lactose, confirming the competing state of the two pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8997915 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89979152022-04-12 Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey Nielsen, Søren D. Knudsen, Lotte J. Bækgaard, Line T. Rauh, Valentin Larsen, Lotte B. Foods Article A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed for the simultaneous quantification of markers representing two potentially competing pathways, the Maillard reaction and the dehydroalanine pathway. The two pathways involve the same residues in the proteins to some extent, namely, the essential amino acid lysine, as well as free-amino terminals available on proteins and polypeptides, competition between the two pathways in food systems may occur. The developed method comprises the following markers of the Maillard reaction: furosine, N-ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and N-ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), together with the dehydroalanine reaction pathway markers; lanthionine (LAN) and lysinoalanine (LAL), as well as lysine itself. The validated method was then used for the absolute quantification of heat-induced protein modifications in model systems of micellar casein and whey protein isolates (MCI and WPI, respectively) in the presence or absence of lactose. As expected, the Maillard reaction markers furosine, CEL and CML increased during the applied heat treatment in the presence of lactose, whereas the dehydroalanine markers, LAN and LAL increased with heating in both MCI and WPI, both in the presence and absence of lactose, although at lower levels in the presence of lactose, confirming the competing state of the two pathways. MDPI 2022-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8997915/ /pubmed/35406984 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070897 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nielsen, Søren D. Knudsen, Lotte J. Bækgaard, Line T. Rauh, Valentin Larsen, Lotte B. Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey |
title | Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey |
title_full | Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey |
title_fullStr | Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey |
title_short | Influence of Lactose on the Maillard Reaction and Dehydroalanine-Mediated Protein Cross-Linking in Casein and Whey |
title_sort | influence of lactose on the maillard reaction and dehydroalanine-mediated protein cross-linking in casein and whey |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406984 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070897 |
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