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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria
The chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae family) fruits, collected from two regions in Bulgaria (south-central and north-east Bulgaria), was investigated. The content of proteins (5.3–7.4%), carbohydrates (73.9–78.8%), fiber (47.2–49.9%), ash (2.5–3.0%), essential oils (0.5%),...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070896 |
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author | Zhelev, Iliya Petkova, Zhana Kostova, Iliana Damyanova, Stanka Stoyanova, Albena Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, Ivanka Antova, Ginka Ercisli, Sezai Assouguem, Amine Kara, Mohammed Almeer, Rafa Sayed, Amany A. |
author_facet | Zhelev, Iliya Petkova, Zhana Kostova, Iliana Damyanova, Stanka Stoyanova, Albena Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, Ivanka Antova, Ginka Ercisli, Sezai Assouguem, Amine Kara, Mohammed Almeer, Rafa Sayed, Amany A. |
author_sort | Zhelev, Iliya |
collection | PubMed |
description | The chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae family) fruits, collected from two regions in Bulgaria (south-central and north-east Bulgaria), was investigated. The content of proteins (5.3–7.4%), carbohydrates (73.9–78.8%), fiber (47.2–49.9%), ash (2.5–3.0%), essential oils (0.5%), and vegetable oil (3.8–5.0%) were identified in the fruits. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Vitex fruits from both regions was determined; the main compounds were 1,8-cineole (16.9–18.8%), α-pinene (7.2–16.6%), sabinene (6.7–14.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.3–9.0%), but significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of EOs between the regions were found. The EOs of plants from north-east Bulgaria demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic species Salmonella abony, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, but the Gram-negative bacteria Esсherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited resistance to the oil. Linoleic acid predominated in vegetable oil from both regions, followed by oleic acid. β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the main components in the sterol and tocopherol fraction of the lipids. Phosphatidic acids were the main components in the vegetable oil from north-east Bulgaria, while in the vegetable oil from south-central Bulgaria, all phospholipids were found in almost the same quantity. Overall, significant differences were observed in the chemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, ash and moisture) of the fruits from the two regions of Bulgaria, as well as in the content of the main components of their essential and vegetable oils. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9002856 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90028562022-04-13 Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria Zhelev, Iliya Petkova, Zhana Kostova, Iliana Damyanova, Stanka Stoyanova, Albena Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, Ivanka Antova, Ginka Ercisli, Sezai Assouguem, Amine Kara, Mohammed Almeer, Rafa Sayed, Amany A. Plants (Basel) Article The chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae family) fruits, collected from two regions in Bulgaria (south-central and north-east Bulgaria), was investigated. The content of proteins (5.3–7.4%), carbohydrates (73.9–78.8%), fiber (47.2–49.9%), ash (2.5–3.0%), essential oils (0.5%), and vegetable oil (3.8–5.0%) were identified in the fruits. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Vitex fruits from both regions was determined; the main compounds were 1,8-cineole (16.9–18.8%), α-pinene (7.2–16.6%), sabinene (6.7–14.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.3–9.0%), but significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of EOs between the regions were found. The EOs of plants from north-east Bulgaria demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic species Salmonella abony, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, but the Gram-negative bacteria Esсherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited resistance to the oil. Linoleic acid predominated in vegetable oil from both regions, followed by oleic acid. β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the main components in the sterol and tocopherol fraction of the lipids. Phosphatidic acids were the main components in the vegetable oil from north-east Bulgaria, while in the vegetable oil from south-central Bulgaria, all phospholipids were found in almost the same quantity. Overall, significant differences were observed in the chemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, ash and moisture) of the fruits from the two regions of Bulgaria, as well as in the content of the main components of their essential and vegetable oils. MDPI 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9002856/ /pubmed/35406879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070896 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhelev, Iliya Petkova, Zhana Kostova, Iliana Damyanova, Stanka Stoyanova, Albena Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, Ivanka Antova, Ginka Ercisli, Sezai Assouguem, Amine Kara, Mohammed Almeer, Rafa Sayed, Amany A. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria |
title | Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria |
title_full | Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria |
title_fullStr | Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria |
title_short | Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria |
title_sort | chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of fruits from vitex agnus-castus l., growing in two regions in bulgaria |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35406879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070896 |
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