Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks

Arsenic in environmental health has caused public concerns all over the world. However, high levels of arsenic residues in medicinal animals have not received enough attention. Medicinal earthworms are consumed widely in China, but its arsenic potential health risks to humans are unknown. This work...

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Autores principales: Li, Yaolei, Li, Hailiang, Zan, Ke, Wang, Ying, Zuo, Tiantian, Jin, Hongyu, Zhang, Bing, Ma, Shuangcheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35431923
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.795530
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author Li, Yaolei
Li, Hailiang
Zan, Ke
Wang, Ying
Zuo, Tiantian
Jin, Hongyu
Zhang, Bing
Ma, Shuangcheng
author_facet Li, Yaolei
Li, Hailiang
Zan, Ke
Wang, Ying
Zuo, Tiantian
Jin, Hongyu
Zhang, Bing
Ma, Shuangcheng
author_sort Li, Yaolei
collection PubMed
description Arsenic in environmental health has caused public concerns all over the world. However, high levels of arsenic residues in medicinal animals have not received enough attention. Medicinal earthworms are consumed widely in China, but its arsenic potential health risks to humans are unknown. This work investigated the total concentration, bioaccessibility, and speciation of arsenic in earthworms by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS to evaluate its potential health risks to humans. Arsenic was found in all earthworms at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 53.6 mg kg(−1). The bioaccessibility of arsenic (bAs) varied significantly and ranged from 12.1 to 69.1%, with inorganic arsenic (iAs, including As(III) and As(V)) as the predominant species. Furthermore, a small amount of arsenobetaine (AB) was found. The estimated daily intake dose (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of arsenic in most of the samples exceeded the safe threshold level. Results from this study indicated that the potential health risks by the consumption of earthworms may not be negligible. Herein, recommendations for the use of earthworms and regulatory recommendations for arsenic limit standards were proposed. This study reminds us that more control and monitoring of arsenic in medicinal animals should be carried out.
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spelling pubmed-90083002022-04-15 Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks Li, Yaolei Li, Hailiang Zan, Ke Wang, Ying Zuo, Tiantian Jin, Hongyu Zhang, Bing Ma, Shuangcheng Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Arsenic in environmental health has caused public concerns all over the world. However, high levels of arsenic residues in medicinal animals have not received enough attention. Medicinal earthworms are consumed widely in China, but its arsenic potential health risks to humans are unknown. This work investigated the total concentration, bioaccessibility, and speciation of arsenic in earthworms by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS to evaluate its potential health risks to humans. Arsenic was found in all earthworms at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 53.6 mg kg(−1). The bioaccessibility of arsenic (bAs) varied significantly and ranged from 12.1 to 69.1%, with inorganic arsenic (iAs, including As(III) and As(V)) as the predominant species. Furthermore, a small amount of arsenobetaine (AB) was found. The estimated daily intake dose (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of arsenic in most of the samples exceeded the safe threshold level. Results from this study indicated that the potential health risks by the consumption of earthworms may not be negligible. Herein, recommendations for the use of earthworms and regulatory recommendations for arsenic limit standards were proposed. This study reminds us that more control and monitoring of arsenic in medicinal animals should be carried out. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9008300/ /pubmed/35431923 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.795530 Text en Copyright © 2022 Li, Li, Zan, Wang, Zuo, Jin, Zhang and Ma. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Li, Yaolei
Li, Hailiang
Zan, Ke
Wang, Ying
Zuo, Tiantian
Jin, Hongyu
Zhang, Bing
Ma, Shuangcheng
Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks
title Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks
title_full Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks
title_fullStr Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks
title_full_unstemmed Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks
title_short Medicinal Earthworm: Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Its Potential Health Risks
title_sort medicinal earthworm: speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic and its potential health risks
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35431923
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.795530
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