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β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53
BACKGROUND: Endogenous phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) play a fundamental role in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Neurotoxins with PLA(2) activity are found in snake venoms from the Elapidae and Viperidae families. The mechanism of action of these neurotoxin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP)
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008913/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35432496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0094 |
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author | dos Santos, Natália Fernanda Teixeira Imberg, Andréia de Souza Mariano, Douglas Oscar Ceolin de Moraes, Angelina Cirelli Andrade-Silva, Jessica Fernandes, Cristina Maria Sobral, Ana Cláudia Giannotti, Karina Cristina Kuwabara, Wilson M. Tatagiba Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho Maria, Durvanei Augusto Sandoval, Maria Regina Lopes Afeche, Solange Castro |
author_facet | dos Santos, Natália Fernanda Teixeira Imberg, Andréia de Souza Mariano, Douglas Oscar Ceolin de Moraes, Angelina Cirelli Andrade-Silva, Jessica Fernandes, Cristina Maria Sobral, Ana Cláudia Giannotti, Karina Cristina Kuwabara, Wilson M. Tatagiba Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho Maria, Durvanei Augusto Sandoval, Maria Regina Lopes Afeche, Solange Castro |
author_sort | dos Santos, Natália Fernanda Teixeira |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Endogenous phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) play a fundamental role in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Neurotoxins with PLA(2) activity are found in snake venoms from the Elapidae and Viperidae families. The mechanism of action of these neurotoxins have been studied using hippocampal and cerebellar neuronal cultures showing [Ca(2+)]i increase, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Astrocytes are rarely used as a model, despite being modulators at the synapses and responsible for homeostasis and defense in the central nervous system. Preserving the cell division ability, they can be utilized to study the cell proliferation process. In the present work cultured astrocytes and glioblastoma cells were employed to characterize the action of β-micrustoxin (previously named Mlx-9), a PLA(2) isolated from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom. The β-micrustoxin structure was determined and the cell proliferation, cell cycle phases and the regulatory proteins p53, p21 and p27 were investigated. METHODS: β-micrustoxin was characterized biochemically by a proteomic approach. Astrocytes were obtained by dissociation of pineal glands from Wistar rats; glioblastoma tumor cells were purchased from ATCC and Sigma and cultured in DMEM medium. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay; cell proliferation and cell cycle phases were analyzed by flow cytometry; p53, p21 and p27 proteins were studied by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis revealed fragments on β-micrustoxin that aligned with a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus lemniscatus previously identified as transcript ID DN112835_C3_g9_i1/m.9019. β-micrustoxin impaired the viability of astrocytes and glioblastoma tumor cells. There was a reduction in cell proliferation, an increase in G2/M phase and activation of p53, p21 and p27 proteins in astrocytes. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that β-micrustoxin from Micrurus lemniscatus venom could inhibit cell proliferation through p53, p21 and p27 activation thus imposing cell cycle arrest at the checkpoint G2/M. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9008913 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90089132022-04-15 β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 dos Santos, Natália Fernanda Teixeira Imberg, Andréia de Souza Mariano, Douglas Oscar Ceolin de Moraes, Angelina Cirelli Andrade-Silva, Jessica Fernandes, Cristina Maria Sobral, Ana Cláudia Giannotti, Karina Cristina Kuwabara, Wilson M. Tatagiba Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho Maria, Durvanei Augusto Sandoval, Maria Regina Lopes Afeche, Solange Castro J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis Research BACKGROUND: Endogenous phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) play a fundamental role in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Neurotoxins with PLA(2) activity are found in snake venoms from the Elapidae and Viperidae families. The mechanism of action of these neurotoxins have been studied using hippocampal and cerebellar neuronal cultures showing [Ca(2+)]i increase, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Astrocytes are rarely used as a model, despite being modulators at the synapses and responsible for homeostasis and defense in the central nervous system. Preserving the cell division ability, they can be utilized to study the cell proliferation process. In the present work cultured astrocytes and glioblastoma cells were employed to characterize the action of β-micrustoxin (previously named Mlx-9), a PLA(2) isolated from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom. The β-micrustoxin structure was determined and the cell proliferation, cell cycle phases and the regulatory proteins p53, p21 and p27 were investigated. METHODS: β-micrustoxin was characterized biochemically by a proteomic approach. Astrocytes were obtained by dissociation of pineal glands from Wistar rats; glioblastoma tumor cells were purchased from ATCC and Sigma and cultured in DMEM medium. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay; cell proliferation and cell cycle phases were analyzed by flow cytometry; p53, p21 and p27 proteins were studied by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis revealed fragments on β-micrustoxin that aligned with a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus lemniscatus previously identified as transcript ID DN112835_C3_g9_i1/m.9019. β-micrustoxin impaired the viability of astrocytes and glioblastoma tumor cells. There was a reduction in cell proliferation, an increase in G2/M phase and activation of p53, p21 and p27 proteins in astrocytes. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that β-micrustoxin from Micrurus lemniscatus venom could inhibit cell proliferation through p53, p21 and p27 activation thus imposing cell cycle arrest at the checkpoint G2/M. Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP) 2022-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9008913/ /pubmed/35432496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0094 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research dos Santos, Natália Fernanda Teixeira Imberg, Andréia de Souza Mariano, Douglas Oscar Ceolin de Moraes, Angelina Cirelli Andrade-Silva, Jessica Fernandes, Cristina Maria Sobral, Ana Cláudia Giannotti, Karina Cristina Kuwabara, Wilson M. Tatagiba Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho Maria, Durvanei Augusto Sandoval, Maria Regina Lopes Afeche, Solange Castro β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
title | β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
title_full | β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
title_fullStr | β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
title_full_unstemmed | β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
title_short | β-micrustoxin (Mlx-9), a PLA(2) from Micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
title_sort | β-micrustoxin (mlx-9), a pla(2) from micrurus lemniscatus snake venom: biochemical characterization and anti-proliferative effect mediated by p53 |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008913/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35432496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0094 |
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