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A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity
L-Theanine is commonly used to improve sleep quality through inhibitory neurotransmitters. On the other hand, Mg(2+), a natural NMDA antagonist and GABA agonist, has a critical role in sleep regulation. Using the caffeine-induced brain electrical activity model, here we investigated the potency of L...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9017334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35449538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.874254 |
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author | Dasdelen, Muhammed Furkan Er, Sezgin Kaplan, Berkan Celik, Suleyman Beker, Mustafa Caglar Orhan, Cemal Tuzcu, Mehmet Sahin, Nurhan Mamedova, Havakhanum Sylla, Sarah Komorowski, James Ojalvo, Sara Perez Sahin, Kazim Kilic, Ertugrul |
author_facet | Dasdelen, Muhammed Furkan Er, Sezgin Kaplan, Berkan Celik, Suleyman Beker, Mustafa Caglar Orhan, Cemal Tuzcu, Mehmet Sahin, Nurhan Mamedova, Havakhanum Sylla, Sarah Komorowski, James Ojalvo, Sara Perez Sahin, Kazim Kilic, Ertugrul |
author_sort | Dasdelen, Muhammed Furkan |
collection | PubMed |
description | L-Theanine is commonly used to improve sleep quality through inhibitory neurotransmitters. On the other hand, Mg(2+), a natural NMDA antagonist and GABA agonist, has a critical role in sleep regulation. Using the caffeine-induced brain electrical activity model, here we investigated the potency of L-theanine and two novel Mg-L-theanine compounds with different magnesium concentrations on electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns, GABAergic and serotonergic receptor expressions, dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin levels. Furthermore, we evaluated the sleep latency and duration in the pentobarbital induced sleep model. We herein showed that L-theanine, particularly its various complexes with magnesium increases the expression of GABAergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic receptors, which were associated with decreased ECoG frequency, increased amplitude, and enhanced delta wave powers. Besides increased dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin; decreased MDA and increased antioxidant enzyme levels were also observed particularly with Mg-complexes. Protein expression analyses also showed that Mg-L-theanine complexes decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels significantly. In accordance with these results, Mg complexes improved the sleep latency and duration even after caffeine administration. As a result, our data indicate that Mg-L-theanine compounds potentiate the effect of L-theanine on sleep by boosting slow-brain waves, regulating brain electrical activity, and increasing neurotransmitter and GABA receptor levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9017334 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90173342022-04-20 A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity Dasdelen, Muhammed Furkan Er, Sezgin Kaplan, Berkan Celik, Suleyman Beker, Mustafa Caglar Orhan, Cemal Tuzcu, Mehmet Sahin, Nurhan Mamedova, Havakhanum Sylla, Sarah Komorowski, James Ojalvo, Sara Perez Sahin, Kazim Kilic, Ertugrul Front Nutr Nutrition L-Theanine is commonly used to improve sleep quality through inhibitory neurotransmitters. On the other hand, Mg(2+), a natural NMDA antagonist and GABA agonist, has a critical role in sleep regulation. Using the caffeine-induced brain electrical activity model, here we investigated the potency of L-theanine and two novel Mg-L-theanine compounds with different magnesium concentrations on electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns, GABAergic and serotonergic receptor expressions, dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin levels. Furthermore, we evaluated the sleep latency and duration in the pentobarbital induced sleep model. We herein showed that L-theanine, particularly its various complexes with magnesium increases the expression of GABAergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic receptors, which were associated with decreased ECoG frequency, increased amplitude, and enhanced delta wave powers. Besides increased dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin; decreased MDA and increased antioxidant enzyme levels were also observed particularly with Mg-complexes. Protein expression analyses also showed that Mg-L-theanine complexes decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels significantly. In accordance with these results, Mg complexes improved the sleep latency and duration even after caffeine administration. As a result, our data indicate that Mg-L-theanine compounds potentiate the effect of L-theanine on sleep by boosting slow-brain waves, regulating brain electrical activity, and increasing neurotransmitter and GABA receptor levels. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9017334/ /pubmed/35449538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.874254 Text en Copyright © 2022 Dasdelen, Er, Kaplan, Celik, Beker, Orhan, Tuzcu, Sahin, Mamedova, Sylla, Komorowski, Ojalvo, Sahin and Kilic. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Dasdelen, Muhammed Furkan Er, Sezgin Kaplan, Berkan Celik, Suleyman Beker, Mustafa Caglar Orhan, Cemal Tuzcu, Mehmet Sahin, Nurhan Mamedova, Havakhanum Sylla, Sarah Komorowski, James Ojalvo, Sara Perez Sahin, Kazim Kilic, Ertugrul A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity |
title | A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity |
title_full | A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity |
title_fullStr | A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity |
title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity |
title_short | A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity |
title_sort | novel theanine complex, mg-l-theanine improves sleep quality via regulating brain electrochemical activity |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9017334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35449538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.874254 |
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