Meat consumption and all-cause mortality in 5763 patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Whether meat consumption is related to risk of mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly understood. METHODS: In the UK Biobank, 5763 patients with IBD were recruited from 2007 to 2010 and finished a brief food frequency questionnaire at baseline. We followed them until March 13, 2021 to document all-cause death events. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality associated with consumptions of fish, unprocessed poultry, unprocessed red meat, and processed meat among the patients. FINDINGS: During 67,095 person-years (mean follow-up 11·7 years, mean age 57·3, 52·5% female), we documented 590 death events. Higher consumption of processed meat was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with IBD (HR comparing >4·0 with 0–0·9 time/week=1·52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·05–2·19), but the P-trend for each 25 g increment was 0·075. This association remained significant in patients with Crohn's disease (HR 1·77, 95% CI 1·01–3·10) but not in patients with ulcerative colitis (HR 1·34, 95% CI 0·82–2·20). Consumptions of fish (HR 1·27, 95% CI 0·84–1·91), unprocessed poultry (HR 0·59, 95% CI 0·28–1·21), or unprocessed red meat (HR 0·87, 95% CI 0·60–1·26) were not significantly associated with the mortality of patients with IBD. INTERPRETATION: More frequent consumption of processed meat was associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with IBD, while no associations were observed for consumption of other types of meat. Our exploratory and speculative findings should be cautiously interpreted and need further replication in other cohorts. FUNDING: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,970,494); Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province (2019SK2041).