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Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students

OBJECTIVE: We conducted the following cross-sectional study to comprehensively assess the anxiety among Chinese international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed through “Sojump,” and a total of 1,090 valid qu...

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Autores principales: Tan, Yejun, Wu, Zhijian, Qu, Xiangnan, Liu, Yuzhuo, Peng, Lele, Ge, Yan, Li, Shu, Du, Jinfeng, Tang, Qi, Wang, Jia, Peng, Xiaofei, Liao, Jiafen, Song, Meiyan, Kang, Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9046590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35496158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860289
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author Tan, Yejun
Wu, Zhijian
Qu, Xiangnan
Liu, Yuzhuo
Peng, Lele
Ge, Yan
Li, Shu
Du, Jinfeng
Tang, Qi
Wang, Jia
Peng, Xiaofei
Liao, Jiafen
Song, Meiyan
Kang, Jin
author_facet Tan, Yejun
Wu, Zhijian
Qu, Xiangnan
Liu, Yuzhuo
Peng, Lele
Ge, Yan
Li, Shu
Du, Jinfeng
Tang, Qi
Wang, Jia
Peng, Xiaofei
Liao, Jiafen
Song, Meiyan
Kang, Jin
author_sort Tan, Yejun
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: We conducted the following cross-sectional study to comprehensively assess the anxiety among Chinese international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed through “Sojump,” and a total of 1,090 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: general situation and anxiety assessment of students. The former used a self-made questionnaire, and the international general GAD-7 scale was used to measure anxiety. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed for the factors with differences. RESULTS: Anxiety was found in 707 (64.9%) of 1,090 international students. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety was higher in the group under 22 years of age than in the group over 22 years of age (68% vs. 61%, p = 0.015; OR = 1.186, 95% CI 1.045–1.347, p = 0.008); International students living in big cities had a higher incidence of anxiety than those living in rural areas (67% vs. 60%, p = 0.022; OR = 1.419, 95%CI 1.038–1.859, p = 0.011); international students who socialized 3 times or less monthly had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who socialized more than 3 times per month (68% vs. 58%, p = 0.003; OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.160–1.992, p = 0.002); international students who expected purely online teaching had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who expected purely offline teaching or dual-track teaching (72% vs. 64%, p = 0.037; OR = 1.525, 95%CI 1.069–2.177, p = 0.02); international students with a subjective score of online learning experience of 6 or less had a higher incidence of anxiety than those with subjective scores of more than 6 (70% vs. 60%, p = 0.001, OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.099–1.422, p = 0.001). However, gender, emotional status, BMI, major of study, vaccination status, and degree type had no significant difference in the incidence of anxiety among international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: During COVID-19, international students who were younger, came from big cities, had low social frequency, expected purely online teaching, and had poor experience of online classes were risk factors for anxiety during online classes.
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spelling pubmed-90465902022-04-29 Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students Tan, Yejun Wu, Zhijian Qu, Xiangnan Liu, Yuzhuo Peng, Lele Ge, Yan Li, Shu Du, Jinfeng Tang, Qi Wang, Jia Peng, Xiaofei Liao, Jiafen Song, Meiyan Kang, Jin Front Psychol Psychology OBJECTIVE: We conducted the following cross-sectional study to comprehensively assess the anxiety among Chinese international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed through “Sojump,” and a total of 1,090 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: general situation and anxiety assessment of students. The former used a self-made questionnaire, and the international general GAD-7 scale was used to measure anxiety. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed for the factors with differences. RESULTS: Anxiety was found in 707 (64.9%) of 1,090 international students. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety was higher in the group under 22 years of age than in the group over 22 years of age (68% vs. 61%, p = 0.015; OR = 1.186, 95% CI 1.045–1.347, p = 0.008); International students living in big cities had a higher incidence of anxiety than those living in rural areas (67% vs. 60%, p = 0.022; OR = 1.419, 95%CI 1.038–1.859, p = 0.011); international students who socialized 3 times or less monthly had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who socialized more than 3 times per month (68% vs. 58%, p = 0.003; OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.160–1.992, p = 0.002); international students who expected purely online teaching had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who expected purely offline teaching or dual-track teaching (72% vs. 64%, p = 0.037; OR = 1.525, 95%CI 1.069–2.177, p = 0.02); international students with a subjective score of online learning experience of 6 or less had a higher incidence of anxiety than those with subjective scores of more than 6 (70% vs. 60%, p = 0.001, OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.099–1.422, p = 0.001). However, gender, emotional status, BMI, major of study, vaccination status, and degree type had no significant difference in the incidence of anxiety among international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: During COVID-19, international students who were younger, came from big cities, had low social frequency, expected purely online teaching, and had poor experience of online classes were risk factors for anxiety during online classes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9046590/ /pubmed/35496158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860289 Text en Copyright © 2022 Tan, Wu, Qu, Liu, Peng, Ge, Li, Du, Tang, Wang, Peng, Liao, Song and Kang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Tan, Yejun
Wu, Zhijian
Qu, Xiangnan
Liu, Yuzhuo
Peng, Lele
Ge, Yan
Li, Shu
Du, Jinfeng
Tang, Qi
Wang, Jia
Peng, Xiaofei
Liao, Jiafen
Song, Meiyan
Kang, Jin
Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
title Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
title_full Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
title_fullStr Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
title_full_unstemmed Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
title_short Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
title_sort influencing factors of international students’ anxiety under online learning during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of 1,090 chinese international students
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9046590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35496158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860289
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