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Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?

Aneuploidy is a cellular state with an unbalanced chromosome number that deviates from the usual euploid status. During evolution, elaborate cellular mechanisms have evolved to maintain the correct chromosome content over generations. The rare errors often lead to cell death, cell cycle arrest, or i...

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Autores principales: Chunduri, Narendra Kumar, Barthel, Karen, Storchova, Zuzana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563836
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091530
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author Chunduri, Narendra Kumar
Barthel, Karen
Storchova, Zuzana
author_facet Chunduri, Narendra Kumar
Barthel, Karen
Storchova, Zuzana
author_sort Chunduri, Narendra Kumar
collection PubMed
description Aneuploidy is a cellular state with an unbalanced chromosome number that deviates from the usual euploid status. During evolution, elaborate cellular mechanisms have evolved to maintain the correct chromosome content over generations. The rare errors often lead to cell death, cell cycle arrest, or impaired proliferation. At the same time, aneuploidy can provide a growth advantage under selective conditions in a stressful, frequently changing environment. This is likely why aneuploidy is commonly found in cancer cells, where it correlates with malignancy, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. To understand this “aneuploidy paradox”, model systems have been established and analyzed to investigate the consequences of aneuploidy. Most of the evidence to date has been based on models with chromosomes gains, but chromosome losses and recurrent monosomies can also be found in cancer. We summarize the current models of chromosome loss and our understanding of its consequences, particularly in comparison to chromosome gains.
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spelling pubmed-91010352022-05-14 Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice? Chunduri, Narendra Kumar Barthel, Karen Storchova, Zuzana Cells Review Aneuploidy is a cellular state with an unbalanced chromosome number that deviates from the usual euploid status. During evolution, elaborate cellular mechanisms have evolved to maintain the correct chromosome content over generations. The rare errors often lead to cell death, cell cycle arrest, or impaired proliferation. At the same time, aneuploidy can provide a growth advantage under selective conditions in a stressful, frequently changing environment. This is likely why aneuploidy is commonly found in cancer cells, where it correlates with malignancy, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. To understand this “aneuploidy paradox”, model systems have been established and analyzed to investigate the consequences of aneuploidy. Most of the evidence to date has been based on models with chromosomes gains, but chromosome losses and recurrent monosomies can also be found in cancer. We summarize the current models of chromosome loss and our understanding of its consequences, particularly in comparison to chromosome gains. MDPI 2022-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9101035/ /pubmed/35563836 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091530 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chunduri, Narendra Kumar
Barthel, Karen
Storchova, Zuzana
Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?
title Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?
title_full Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?
title_fullStr Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?
title_full_unstemmed Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?
title_short Consequences of Chromosome Loss: Why Do Cells Need Each Chromosome Twice?
title_sort consequences of chromosome loss: why do cells need each chromosome twice?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9101035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35563836
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091530
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