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A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations

The literature on green analytical approaches for caffeine estimation is limited. As a consequence, this study aimed to establish a reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique for caffeine estimation in a variety of commercial energy drinks (ED) and pharmaceutical form...

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Autores principales: Foudah, Ahmed I., Shakeel, Faiyaz, Salkini, Mohammad A., Alshehri, Sultan, Ghoneim, Mohammed M., Alam, Prawez
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591300
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15092965
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author Foudah, Ahmed I.
Shakeel, Faiyaz
Salkini, Mohammad A.
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Alam, Prawez
author_facet Foudah, Ahmed I.
Shakeel, Faiyaz
Salkini, Mohammad A.
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Alam, Prawez
author_sort Foudah, Ahmed I.
collection PubMed
description The literature on green analytical approaches for caffeine estimation is limited. As a consequence, this study aimed to establish a reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique for caffeine estimation in a variety of commercial energy drinks (ED) and pharmaceutical formulations that is rapid, sensitive, and green. The combination of ethanol-water (55:45 v v(−1)) was used as a mobile phase. The detection of caffeine was carried out at 275 nm. The green reverse-phase HPTLC method was linear in the concentration range of 50–800 ng band(−1). Furthermore, the developed method for caffeine estimation was simple, quick, economical, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and green. The amount of caffeine in different marketed ED (ED1–ED10) was recorded in the range of 21.02–37.52 mg 100 mL(−1) using the developed HPTLC method. However, the amount of caffeine in different commercial formulations (F1–F3) was estimated as 10.63–20.30 mg 100 mL(−1) using the same method. The “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” scale for the developed analytical method was predicted to be 0.80, utilizing 12 distinct components of green analytical chemistry, indicating the HPTLC approach’s excellent greener profile. Overall, the developed method for estimating caffeine in marketed ED and dosage forms was found to be reliable.
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spelling pubmed-91034612022-05-14 A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations Foudah, Ahmed I. Shakeel, Faiyaz Salkini, Mohammad A. Alshehri, Sultan Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Alam, Prawez Materials (Basel) Article The literature on green analytical approaches for caffeine estimation is limited. As a consequence, this study aimed to establish a reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique for caffeine estimation in a variety of commercial energy drinks (ED) and pharmaceutical formulations that is rapid, sensitive, and green. The combination of ethanol-water (55:45 v v(−1)) was used as a mobile phase. The detection of caffeine was carried out at 275 nm. The green reverse-phase HPTLC method was linear in the concentration range of 50–800 ng band(−1). Furthermore, the developed method for caffeine estimation was simple, quick, economical, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and green. The amount of caffeine in different marketed ED (ED1–ED10) was recorded in the range of 21.02–37.52 mg 100 mL(−1) using the developed HPTLC method. However, the amount of caffeine in different commercial formulations (F1–F3) was estimated as 10.63–20.30 mg 100 mL(−1) using the same method. The “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” scale for the developed analytical method was predicted to be 0.80, utilizing 12 distinct components of green analytical chemistry, indicating the HPTLC approach’s excellent greener profile. Overall, the developed method for estimating caffeine in marketed ED and dosage forms was found to be reliable. MDPI 2022-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9103461/ /pubmed/35591300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15092965 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Foudah, Ahmed I.
Shakeel, Faiyaz
Salkini, Mohammad A.
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Alam, Prawez
A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations
title A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations
title_full A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations
title_fullStr A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations
title_full_unstemmed A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations
title_short A Green High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Determination of Caffeine in Commercial Energy Drinks and Formulations
title_sort green high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the determination of caffeine in commercial energy drinks and formulations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35591300
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15092965
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