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Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method
Food ingredient adulteration, especially the adulteration of milk and dairy products, is one of the important issues of food safety. The large price difference between camel milk powder, ovine, and bovine milk powder may be an incentive for the incorporation of ovine and bovine derived foods in came...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103995/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093017 |
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author | Wu, Xiaoyun Na, Qin Hao, Shiqi Ji, Rimutu Ming, Liang |
author_facet | Wu, Xiaoyun Na, Qin Hao, Shiqi Ji, Rimutu Ming, Liang |
author_sort | Wu, Xiaoyun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Food ingredient adulteration, especially the adulteration of milk and dairy products, is one of the important issues of food safety. The large price difference between camel milk powder, ovine, and bovine milk powder may be an incentive for the incorporation of ovine and bovine derived foods in camel milk products. This study evaluated the use of ordinary PCR and real-time PCR for the detection of camel milk powder adulteration based on the presence of ovine and bovine milk components. DNA was extracted from camel, ovine, and bovine milk powder using a deep-processed product column DNA extraction kit. The quality of the extracted DNA was detected by amplifying the target sequence from the mitochondrial Cytb gene, and the extracted DNA was used for the identification of milk powder based on PCR analysis. In addition, PCR-based methods (both ordinary PCR and real-time PCR) were used to detect laboratory adulteration models of milk powder using primers targeting mitochondrial genes. The results show that the ordinary PCR method had better sensitivity and could qualitatively detect ovine and bovine milk components in the range of 1% to 100% in camel milk powder. The commercial camel milk powder was used to verify the practicability of this method. The real-time PCR normalization system has a good exponential correlation (R(2) = 0.9822 and 0.9923) between ovine or bovine content and Ct ratio (specific/internal reference gene) and allows for the quantitative determination of ovine or bovine milk contents in adulterated camel milk powder samples. Accuracy was effectively validated using simulated adulterated samples, with recoveries ranging from 80% to 110% with a coefficient of variation of less than 7%, exhibiting sufficient parameters of trueness. The ordinary PCR qualitative detection and real-time PCR quantitative detection method established in this study proved to be a specific, sensitive, and effective technology, which is expected to be used for market detection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9103995 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91039952022-05-14 Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method Wu, Xiaoyun Na, Qin Hao, Shiqi Ji, Rimutu Ming, Liang Molecules Article Food ingredient adulteration, especially the adulteration of milk and dairy products, is one of the important issues of food safety. The large price difference between camel milk powder, ovine, and bovine milk powder may be an incentive for the incorporation of ovine and bovine derived foods in camel milk products. This study evaluated the use of ordinary PCR and real-time PCR for the detection of camel milk powder adulteration based on the presence of ovine and bovine milk components. DNA was extracted from camel, ovine, and bovine milk powder using a deep-processed product column DNA extraction kit. The quality of the extracted DNA was detected by amplifying the target sequence from the mitochondrial Cytb gene, and the extracted DNA was used for the identification of milk powder based on PCR analysis. In addition, PCR-based methods (both ordinary PCR and real-time PCR) were used to detect laboratory adulteration models of milk powder using primers targeting mitochondrial genes. The results show that the ordinary PCR method had better sensitivity and could qualitatively detect ovine and bovine milk components in the range of 1% to 100% in camel milk powder. The commercial camel milk powder was used to verify the practicability of this method. The real-time PCR normalization system has a good exponential correlation (R(2) = 0.9822 and 0.9923) between ovine or bovine content and Ct ratio (specific/internal reference gene) and allows for the quantitative determination of ovine or bovine milk contents in adulterated camel milk powder samples. Accuracy was effectively validated using simulated adulterated samples, with recoveries ranging from 80% to 110% with a coefficient of variation of less than 7%, exhibiting sufficient parameters of trueness. The ordinary PCR qualitative detection and real-time PCR quantitative detection method established in this study proved to be a specific, sensitive, and effective technology, which is expected to be used for market detection. MDPI 2022-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9103995/ /pubmed/35566364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093017 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wu, Xiaoyun Na, Qin Hao, Shiqi Ji, Rimutu Ming, Liang Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method |
title | Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method |
title_full | Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method |
title_fullStr | Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method |
title_short | Detection of Ovine or Bovine Milk Components in Commercial Camel Milk Powder Using a PCR-Based Method |
title_sort | detection of ovine or bovine milk components in commercial camel milk powder using a pcr-based method |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9103995/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093017 |
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