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Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing

In mammalian cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired predominantly by error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), but less prevalently by error-free template-dependent homologous recombination (HR). DSB repair pathway selection is the bedrock for genome editing. NHEJ results in random mut...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ali, Akhtar, Xiao, Wei, Babar, Masroor Ellahi, Bi, Yanzhen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9142082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35627122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050737
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author Ali, Akhtar
Xiao, Wei
Babar, Masroor Ellahi
Bi, Yanzhen
author_facet Ali, Akhtar
Xiao, Wei
Babar, Masroor Ellahi
Bi, Yanzhen
author_sort Ali, Akhtar
collection PubMed
description In mammalian cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired predominantly by error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), but less prevalently by error-free template-dependent homologous recombination (HR). DSB repair pathway selection is the bedrock for genome editing. NHEJ results in random mutations when repairing DSB, while HR induces high-fidelity sequence-specific variations, but with an undesirable low efficiency. In this review, we first discuss the latest insights into the action mode of NHEJ and HR in a panoramic view. We then propose the future direction of genome editing by virtue of these advancements. We suggest that by switching NHEJ to HR, full fidelity genome editing and robust gene knock-in could be enabled. We also envision that RNA molecules could be repurposed by RNA-templated DSB repair to mediate precise genetic editing.
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spelling pubmed-91420822022-05-28 Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing Ali, Akhtar Xiao, Wei Babar, Masroor Ellahi Bi, Yanzhen Genes (Basel) Review In mammalian cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired predominantly by error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), but less prevalently by error-free template-dependent homologous recombination (HR). DSB repair pathway selection is the bedrock for genome editing. NHEJ results in random mutations when repairing DSB, while HR induces high-fidelity sequence-specific variations, but with an undesirable low efficiency. In this review, we first discuss the latest insights into the action mode of NHEJ and HR in a panoramic view. We then propose the future direction of genome editing by virtue of these advancements. We suggest that by switching NHEJ to HR, full fidelity genome editing and robust gene knock-in could be enabled. We also envision that RNA molecules could be repurposed by RNA-templated DSB repair to mediate precise genetic editing. MDPI 2022-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9142082/ /pubmed/35627122 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050737 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ali, Akhtar
Xiao, Wei
Babar, Masroor Ellahi
Bi, Yanzhen
Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing
title Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing
title_full Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing
title_fullStr Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing
title_full_unstemmed Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing
title_short Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing
title_sort double-stranded break repair in mammalian cells and precise genome editing
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9142082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35627122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050737
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