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Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
The measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in cont...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9142966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050291 |
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author | Llorens, Paula Herrera, Marta Juan-García, Ana Payá, Juan José Moltó, Juan Carlos Ariño, Agustín Juan, Cristina |
author_facet | Llorens, Paula Herrera, Marta Juan-García, Ana Payá, Juan José Moltó, Juan Carlos Ariño, Agustín Juan, Cristina |
author_sort | Llorens, Paula |
collection | PubMed |
description | The measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution, and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that can be more readily measured with a biomarker. This review deals with the latest literature information about ZEN biomarkers in humans, animals, and cell line cultures. Their presence in urine, biomarkers that have effects in the kidney, liver, reproductive system and blood and biomarkers of cell response have been reported. It has highlighted the importance of determining α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol biomarkers to estimate the probable dietary intake (PDI) of a specific population or to characterize the severity of exposure to ZEN in animals or cell lines. α-ZEL and β-ZEL are cytotoxic by inhibiting cell proliferation, total protein and DNA syntheses, in this sense, an induction of expression proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70 was observed, and an increase in gene expression (TLR4, NF-kBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MGMT, α-GST, Hsp70, Nrf2, L-Fabp, HO-1, MAPK8), the determination of which indicates an oxidative stress effect. The integrity of the cell or tissue membrane is assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increase at exposure of ZEN (84.2 µM), and the proportions of some fatty acids of the renal tissue membrane were increased at treatments with ZEN. This review allows starting future studies of animal and population exposure in parallel with those of health effects works. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9142966 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91429662022-05-29 Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Llorens, Paula Herrera, Marta Juan-García, Ana Payá, Juan José Moltó, Juan Carlos Ariño, Agustín Juan, Cristina Toxins (Basel) Review The measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution, and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that can be more readily measured with a biomarker. This review deals with the latest literature information about ZEN biomarkers in humans, animals, and cell line cultures. Their presence in urine, biomarkers that have effects in the kidney, liver, reproductive system and blood and biomarkers of cell response have been reported. It has highlighted the importance of determining α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol biomarkers to estimate the probable dietary intake (PDI) of a specific population or to characterize the severity of exposure to ZEN in animals or cell lines. α-ZEL and β-ZEL are cytotoxic by inhibiting cell proliferation, total protein and DNA syntheses, in this sense, an induction of expression proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70 was observed, and an increase in gene expression (TLR4, NF-kBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MGMT, α-GST, Hsp70, Nrf2, L-Fabp, HO-1, MAPK8), the determination of which indicates an oxidative stress effect. The integrity of the cell or tissue membrane is assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increase at exposure of ZEN (84.2 µM), and the proportions of some fatty acids of the renal tissue membrane were increased at treatments with ZEN. This review allows starting future studies of animal and population exposure in parallel with those of health effects works. MDPI 2022-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9142966/ /pubmed/35622538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050291 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Llorens, Paula Herrera, Marta Juan-García, Ana Payá, Juan José Moltó, Juan Carlos Ariño, Agustín Juan, Cristina Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
title | Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
title_full | Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
title_short | Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
title_sort | biomarkers of exposure to zearalenone in in vivo and in vitro studies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9142966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050291 |
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