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Safety Evaluation of Chemical Insecticides to Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Pupal Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Three Exposure Routes
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest in many crops worldwide, causing substantial economic losses. The main control strategies are biological control and chemical control. However, pesticides also have varying degrees of toxicity to parasitic wasps in the field. In this study,...
Autores principales: | Liu, Zhuo, Su, Hao, Lyu, Baoqian, Yan, Sanqiang, Lu, Hui, Tang, Jihong |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143371/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35621778 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050443 |
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