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Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also called corn, is one of the top three staple food crops worldwide and is also utilized as feed (e.g., feed grain and silage) and a source of biofuel (e.g., bioethanol). Maize production is hampered by a myriad of factors, including although not limited to fungal diseases, which...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9146757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050540 |
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author | Ma, Wendi Gao, Xinying Han, Tongling Mohammed, Magaji Tukur Yang, Jun Ding, Junqiang Zhao, Wensheng Peng, You-Liang Bhadauria, Vijai |
author_facet | Ma, Wendi Gao, Xinying Han, Tongling Mohammed, Magaji Tukur Yang, Jun Ding, Junqiang Zhao, Wensheng Peng, You-Liang Bhadauria, Vijai |
author_sort | Ma, Wendi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Maize (Zea mays), also called corn, is one of the top three staple food crops worldwide and is also utilized as feed (e.g., feed grain and silage) and a source of biofuel (e.g., bioethanol). Maize production is hampered by a myriad of factors, including although not limited to fungal diseases, which reduce grain yield and downgrade kernel quality. One such disease is anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot (ALB and ASR) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. The pathogen deploys a biphasic infection strategy to colonize susceptible maize genotypes, comprising latent (symptomless) biotrophic and destructive (symptomatic) necrotrophic phases. However, the resistant maize genotypes restrict the C. graminicola infection and in planta fungal proliferation during the biotrophic phase of the infection. Some studies on the inheritance of ASR resistance in the populations derived from biparental resistant and susceptible genotypes reveal that anthracnose is likely a gene-for-gene disease in which the resistant maize genotypes and C. graminicola recognize each other by their matching pairs of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat resistance (NLR) proteins (whose coding genes are localized in disease QTL) and effectors (1–2 effectors/NLR) during the biotrophic phase of infection. The Z. mays genome encodes approximately 144 NLRs, two of which, RCg1 and RCg1b, located on chromosome 4, were cloned and functionally validated for their role in ASR resistance. Here, we discuss the genetic architecture of anthracnose resistance in the resistant maize genotypes, i.e., disease QTL and underlying resistance genes. In addition, this review also highlights the disease cycle of C. graminicola and molecular factors (e.g., virulence/pathogenicity factors such as effectors and secondary metabolites) that contribute to the pathogen’s virulence on maize. A detailed understanding of molecular genetics underlying the maize—C. graminicola interaction will help devise effective management strategies against ALB and ASR. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9146757 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91467572022-05-29 Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize Ma, Wendi Gao, Xinying Han, Tongling Mohammed, Magaji Tukur Yang, Jun Ding, Junqiang Zhao, Wensheng Peng, You-Liang Bhadauria, Vijai J Fungi (Basel) Review Maize (Zea mays), also called corn, is one of the top three staple food crops worldwide and is also utilized as feed (e.g., feed grain and silage) and a source of biofuel (e.g., bioethanol). Maize production is hampered by a myriad of factors, including although not limited to fungal diseases, which reduce grain yield and downgrade kernel quality. One such disease is anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot (ALB and ASR) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. The pathogen deploys a biphasic infection strategy to colonize susceptible maize genotypes, comprising latent (symptomless) biotrophic and destructive (symptomatic) necrotrophic phases. However, the resistant maize genotypes restrict the C. graminicola infection and in planta fungal proliferation during the biotrophic phase of the infection. Some studies on the inheritance of ASR resistance in the populations derived from biparental resistant and susceptible genotypes reveal that anthracnose is likely a gene-for-gene disease in which the resistant maize genotypes and C. graminicola recognize each other by their matching pairs of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat resistance (NLR) proteins (whose coding genes are localized in disease QTL) and effectors (1–2 effectors/NLR) during the biotrophic phase of infection. The Z. mays genome encodes approximately 144 NLRs, two of which, RCg1 and RCg1b, located on chromosome 4, were cloned and functionally validated for their role in ASR resistance. Here, we discuss the genetic architecture of anthracnose resistance in the resistant maize genotypes, i.e., disease QTL and underlying resistance genes. In addition, this review also highlights the disease cycle of C. graminicola and molecular factors (e.g., virulence/pathogenicity factors such as effectors and secondary metabolites) that contribute to the pathogen’s virulence on maize. A detailed understanding of molecular genetics underlying the maize—C. graminicola interaction will help devise effective management strategies against ALB and ASR. MDPI 2022-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9146757/ /pubmed/35628795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050540 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ma, Wendi Gao, Xinying Han, Tongling Mohammed, Magaji Tukur Yang, Jun Ding, Junqiang Zhao, Wensheng Peng, You-Liang Bhadauria, Vijai Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize |
title | Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize |
title_full | Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize |
title_fullStr | Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize |
title_short | Molecular Genetics of Anthracnose Resistance in Maize |
title_sort | molecular genetics of anthracnose resistance in maize |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9146757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050540 |
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