Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

(1) Background: The global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been estimated to reach 600 million patients worldwide by 2040. Approximately 200 million people will develop diabetic retinopathy within this time frame. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a severe, vision-threatening complication that ca...

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Autores principales: Suciu, Corina-Iuliana, Suciu, Vlad-Ioan, Cuţaş, Ancuţa, Nicoară, Simona Delia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629188
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050765
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author Suciu, Corina-Iuliana
Suciu, Vlad-Ioan
Cuţaş, Ancuţa
Nicoară, Simona Delia
author_facet Suciu, Corina-Iuliana
Suciu, Vlad-Ioan
Cuţaş, Ancuţa
Nicoară, Simona Delia
author_sort Suciu, Corina-Iuliana
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: The global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been estimated to reach 600 million patients worldwide by 2040. Approximately 200 million people will develop diabetic retinopathy within this time frame. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a severe, vision-threatening complication that can develop at any stage of diabetic retinopathy, and it represents the main cause of vision loss in patients with DM. Its harmful consequences on visual function could be prevented with timely recognition and treatment. (2) Methods: This study assessed the clinical (demographic characteristics, diabetic evolution, and systemic vascular complications); laboratory (glycated hemoglobin, metabolic parameters, capillary oxygen saturation, and renal function); ophthalmologic exam; and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD–OCT) (macular volume, central macular thickness, maximal central thickness, minimal central thickness, foveal thickness, superior inner, inferior inner, nasal inner, temporal inner, inferior outer, superior outer, nasal outer, and temporal outer thicknesses, disruption of the ellipsoid zone, and disruption of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) parameters in three groups of individuals: healthy controls (HC), patients with DME and type 1 DM (T1DM—group A), and patients with DME and type 2 DM (T2DM—group B) to identify novel correlations between them that would open a path to new pathogenetic hypotheses and, implicitly, to the identification of new therapeutic methods, as part of a tailored treatment within the concept of precision medicine. (3) Results: The duration of DM was significantly longer in group A as compared with group B, as were the prevalence of smoking and systemic vascular complications. Capillary oxygen saturation and estimated glomerular filtration rates were significantly lower, and serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in group A as compared to group B. Regarding the OCT findings, DME had a predominantly eccentric pattern, and the right eye was more severely affected in both groups of patients. Significantly higher values were obtained in group B as compared to group A for the following OCT biomarkers: macular volume, central macular thickness, maximal central thickness, minimal central thickness, foveal thickness, superior inner, inferior inner, nasal inner, inferior outer and nasal outer thickness. The disruption of the ellipsoid zone was significantly more prevalent within group A, whereas the overall disruption of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) was identified significantly more frequently in group B. (4) Conclusions: Whereas systemic and laboratory biomarkers were more severely affected in patients with DME and T1DM, the OCT quantitative biomarkers revealed significantly higher values in patients with DME and T2DM.
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spelling pubmed-91473672022-05-29 Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Suciu, Corina-Iuliana Suciu, Vlad-Ioan Cuţaş, Ancuţa Nicoară, Simona Delia J Pers Med Article (1) Background: The global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been estimated to reach 600 million patients worldwide by 2040. Approximately 200 million people will develop diabetic retinopathy within this time frame. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a severe, vision-threatening complication that can develop at any stage of diabetic retinopathy, and it represents the main cause of vision loss in patients with DM. Its harmful consequences on visual function could be prevented with timely recognition and treatment. (2) Methods: This study assessed the clinical (demographic characteristics, diabetic evolution, and systemic vascular complications); laboratory (glycated hemoglobin, metabolic parameters, capillary oxygen saturation, and renal function); ophthalmologic exam; and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD–OCT) (macular volume, central macular thickness, maximal central thickness, minimal central thickness, foveal thickness, superior inner, inferior inner, nasal inner, temporal inner, inferior outer, superior outer, nasal outer, and temporal outer thicknesses, disruption of the ellipsoid zone, and disruption of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) parameters in three groups of individuals: healthy controls (HC), patients with DME and type 1 DM (T1DM—group A), and patients with DME and type 2 DM (T2DM—group B) to identify novel correlations between them that would open a path to new pathogenetic hypotheses and, implicitly, to the identification of new therapeutic methods, as part of a tailored treatment within the concept of precision medicine. (3) Results: The duration of DM was significantly longer in group A as compared with group B, as were the prevalence of smoking and systemic vascular complications. Capillary oxygen saturation and estimated glomerular filtration rates were significantly lower, and serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in group A as compared to group B. Regarding the OCT findings, DME had a predominantly eccentric pattern, and the right eye was more severely affected in both groups of patients. Significantly higher values were obtained in group B as compared to group A for the following OCT biomarkers: macular volume, central macular thickness, maximal central thickness, minimal central thickness, foveal thickness, superior inner, inferior inner, nasal inner, inferior outer and nasal outer thickness. The disruption of the ellipsoid zone was significantly more prevalent within group A, whereas the overall disruption of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) was identified significantly more frequently in group B. (4) Conclusions: Whereas systemic and laboratory biomarkers were more severely affected in patients with DME and T1DM, the OCT quantitative biomarkers revealed significantly higher values in patients with DME and T2DM. MDPI 2022-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9147367/ /pubmed/35629188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050765 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Suciu, Corina-Iuliana
Suciu, Vlad-Ioan
Cuţaş, Ancuţa
Nicoară, Simona Delia
Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
title Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
title_full Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
title_fullStr Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
title_full_unstemmed Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
title_short Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
title_sort interleaved optical coherence tomography: clinical and laboratory biomarkers in patients with diabetic macular edema
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629188
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050765
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