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COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study

Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on education worldwide. There is increased discussion of possible negative effects on students’ learning outcomes and the need for targeted support. We examined fourth graders’ reading achievement based on a school panel study, representative on the st...

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Autores principales: Ludewig, Ulrich, Kleinkorres, Ruben, Schaufelberger, Rahim, Schlitter, Theresa, Lorenz, Ramona, König, Christoph, Frey, Andreas, McElvany, Nele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35664168
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876485
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author Ludewig, Ulrich
Kleinkorres, Ruben
Schaufelberger, Rahim
Schlitter, Theresa
Lorenz, Ramona
König, Christoph
Frey, Andreas
McElvany, Nele
author_facet Ludewig, Ulrich
Kleinkorres, Ruben
Schaufelberger, Rahim
Schlitter, Theresa
Lorenz, Ramona
König, Christoph
Frey, Andreas
McElvany, Nele
author_sort Ludewig, Ulrich
collection PubMed
description Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on education worldwide. There is increased discussion of possible negative effects on students’ learning outcomes and the need for targeted support. We examined fourth graders’ reading achievement based on a school panel study, representative on the student level, with N = 111 elementary schools in Germany (total: N = 4,290 students, age: 9–10 years). The students were tested with the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study instruments in 2016 and 2021. The analysis focused on (1) total average differences in reading achievement between 2016 and 2021, (2) average differences controlling for student composition, and (3) changes in achievement gaps between student subgroups (i.e., immigration background, socio-cultural capital, and gender). The methodological approach met international standards for the analysis of large-scale assessments (i.e., multiple multi-level imputation, plausible values, and clustered mixed-effect regression). The results showed a substantial decline in mean reading achievement. The decline corresponds to one-third of a year of learning, even after controlling for changes in student composition. We found no statistically significant changes of achievement gaps between student subgroups, despite numerical tendencies toward a widening of achievement gaps between students with and without immigration background. It is likely that this sharp achievement decline was related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are discussed in terms of further research needs, practical implications for educating current student cohorts, and educational policy decisions regarding actions in crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-91594932022-06-02 COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study Ludewig, Ulrich Kleinkorres, Ruben Schaufelberger, Rahim Schlitter, Theresa Lorenz, Ramona König, Christoph Frey, Andreas McElvany, Nele Front Psychol Psychology Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on education worldwide. There is increased discussion of possible negative effects on students’ learning outcomes and the need for targeted support. We examined fourth graders’ reading achievement based on a school panel study, representative on the student level, with N = 111 elementary schools in Germany (total: N = 4,290 students, age: 9–10 years). The students were tested with the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study instruments in 2016 and 2021. The analysis focused on (1) total average differences in reading achievement between 2016 and 2021, (2) average differences controlling for student composition, and (3) changes in achievement gaps between student subgroups (i.e., immigration background, socio-cultural capital, and gender). The methodological approach met international standards for the analysis of large-scale assessments (i.e., multiple multi-level imputation, plausible values, and clustered mixed-effect regression). The results showed a substantial decline in mean reading achievement. The decline corresponds to one-third of a year of learning, even after controlling for changes in student composition. We found no statistically significant changes of achievement gaps between student subgroups, despite numerical tendencies toward a widening of achievement gaps between students with and without immigration background. It is likely that this sharp achievement decline was related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are discussed in terms of further research needs, practical implications for educating current student cohorts, and educational policy decisions regarding actions in crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9159493/ /pubmed/35664168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876485 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ludewig, Kleinkorres, Schaufelberger, Schlitter, Lorenz, König, Frey and McElvany. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Ludewig, Ulrich
Kleinkorres, Ruben
Schaufelberger, Rahim
Schlitter, Theresa
Lorenz, Ramona
König, Christoph
Frey, Andreas
McElvany, Nele
COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
title COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
title_full COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
title_fullStr COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
title_short COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
title_sort covid-19 pandemic and student reading achievement: findings from a school panel study
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35664168
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876485
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