Cargando…

Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells

X chromosome inactivation is a mammalian dosage compensation mechanism, where one of two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in female cells. Previous studies have suggested that primed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) maintain an eroded state of the X chromosome and do not express XIST, while i...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sarel-Gallily, Roni, Benvenisty, Nissim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9179337/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35681423
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11111729
_version_ 1784723250645827584
author Sarel-Gallily, Roni
Benvenisty, Nissim
author_facet Sarel-Gallily, Roni
Benvenisty, Nissim
author_sort Sarel-Gallily, Roni
collection PubMed
description X chromosome inactivation is a mammalian dosage compensation mechanism, where one of two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in female cells. Previous studies have suggested that primed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) maintain an eroded state of the X chromosome and do not express XIST, while in naïve transition, both XIST and the eroded X chromosome are reactivated. However, the pattern of chromosome X reactivation in naïve hESCs remains mainly unknown. In this study, we examine the variations in the status of X chromosome between primed and naïve hESCs by analyzing RNA sequencing samples from different studies. We show that most samples of naïve hESCs indeed reactivate XIST and there is an increase in gene expression levels on chromosome X. However, most of the naïve samples do not fully activate chromosome X in a uniform manner and present a distinct eroded pattern, probably as a result of XIST reactivation and initiation of re-inactivation of chromosome X. This large-scale analysis provides a higher-resolution description of the changes occurring in chromosome X during primed-to-naïve transition and emphasizes the importance of taking these variations into consideration when studying X inactivation in embryonic development.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9179337
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91793372022-06-10 Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells Sarel-Gallily, Roni Benvenisty, Nissim Cells Article X chromosome inactivation is a mammalian dosage compensation mechanism, where one of two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in female cells. Previous studies have suggested that primed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) maintain an eroded state of the X chromosome and do not express XIST, while in naïve transition, both XIST and the eroded X chromosome are reactivated. However, the pattern of chromosome X reactivation in naïve hESCs remains mainly unknown. In this study, we examine the variations in the status of X chromosome between primed and naïve hESCs by analyzing RNA sequencing samples from different studies. We show that most samples of naïve hESCs indeed reactivate XIST and there is an increase in gene expression levels on chromosome X. However, most of the naïve samples do not fully activate chromosome X in a uniform manner and present a distinct eroded pattern, probably as a result of XIST reactivation and initiation of re-inactivation of chromosome X. This large-scale analysis provides a higher-resolution description of the changes occurring in chromosome X during primed-to-naïve transition and emphasizes the importance of taking these variations into consideration when studying X inactivation in embryonic development. MDPI 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9179337/ /pubmed/35681423 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11111729 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sarel-Gallily, Roni
Benvenisty, Nissim
Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells
title Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells
title_full Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells
title_fullStr Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells
title_full_unstemmed Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells
title_short Large-Scale Analysis of X Inactivation Variations between Primed and Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells
title_sort large-scale analysis of x inactivation variations between primed and naïve human embryonic stem cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9179337/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35681423
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11111729
work_keys_str_mv AT sarelgallilyroni largescaleanalysisofxinactivationvariationsbetweenprimedandnaivehumanembryonicstemcells
AT benvenistynissim largescaleanalysisofxinactivationvariationsbetweenprimedandnaivehumanembryonicstemcells